Exam 1 biology

• Single-celled organisms that produce antibiotic compounds.

• An antiviral drug.

Simple chlorophyll-containing organisms, often single-celled; were probably the ancestors to the land plants.

Protists that include apicomplexans, dinoflagellates, foraminiferans, and ciliates.

In protists, tiny membranous sacs under the plasma membrane.

Single-celled protists that live in water and soil, and usually display pseudopodia

Cells that don’t require the presence of oxygen for every harvest.

group of protists that includes the malarial parasite

Gr. auto, self + trophos, feeder) An organism, such as a plant, that can manufacture its own food.

(L. bacilli, a rod) A bacterial cell with a rod shape.

Asexual reproduction by division of a cell or body into two equivalent parts.

Bacterial breakdown of environmental pollutants.

Chromista that inhabit cool, offshore waters and range from golden brown to dark brown to black.

The protein coat that encases a virus.

type of funguslike protist, usually existing as free-living amoebalike cells, but aggregating into a multicellular fruiting body before producing reproductive spores.

An organism that derives energy from a simple inorganic reaction.

Bacterial species that live inside animal cells and lack an ability to make their own ATP; can cause a sexually transmitted disease.

Single-celled or colonial protists living in fresh water and in the oceans. Each has a collar formed by a ring of microvilli.

Protists with golden, brownish, and greenish pigments.

A protozoan whose cells have rows of cilia that are used in locomotion and in sweeping food particles into the mouth

A bacterial cell with a spherical shape.

In some prokaryotes, the temporary union of two unicellular organisms of different mating strains, during which time the genetic material is transferred from one to the other.

One of the blue-green algae; a photosynthetic, oxygen-generating and nitrogen-fixing prokaryote.

Crumbly white sediments made up of diatom shells

Phytoplankton that are members of Chromista and usually contain golden pigments.

Protists with armorlike coverings and two flagella, one in a beltlike groove and the other trailing behind; often can cause red tides.

The group of protists that includes Giardia, a common human parasite.

A heavily encapsulated resting cell formed within many types of bacterial cells during times of environmental stress

Green, spindle-shaped protists with eyespots.

Prokaryotes that survive in Earth’s most extreme environments.

Delicately shaped protists that live in the oceans and secrete usually whitish, calcium-based shells.

The leaflike structure of an individual alga that collects sunlight and produces sugars. Also refers to the large divided leaf on a fern.

A spore-producing reproductive structure in many fungi.

Prokaryotes in which the peptidoglycan layer is covered by an outer sheet of proteins and lipopolysaccharides; don’t pick up Gram’s stain.

Prokaryotes containing peptidoglycans in a single broad layer; do pick up Gram’s stain.

A special stain that distinguishes gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

Protists with green pigments that are closely related to plants; also called Chlorophyta.

A type of archaebacterium that can tolerate extremely high salt concentrations.

Gr. heteros, different + trophos, feeder) An organism, such as an animal, fungus, and most prokaryotes and protists, that takes in preformed nutrients from external sources.

A rootlike anchor that attaches an alga to its substrate, such as a rock on the ocean floor.

One of many long, thin filaments of cells that make up a multicellular fungus.

One of the largest members of the algal world, a brown alga.

Primitive protists with long whiplike flagella; includes the protist causing African sleeping sickness.

In ciliates, a large nucleus containing many sets of chromosomes that control cell activities.

A type of archaebacterium that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct.

In ciliates, one of several nuclei that undergo meiosis and are exchanged during sexual reproduction

Among the simplest of eukaryotic cells, they live only inside animal cells.

A type of the smallest free-living cells, these simplified members of the domain Bacteria lack cell walls, live inside animals, plants, and sometimes other single-celled organisms, and can cause a dangerous form of pneumonia as well as infections of the urinary tract and other organs.

Ancient, primitive protists such as the organisms inside a termite’s gut.

A type of predator that obtains benefits at the expense of another organism, its host. A parasite is usually smaller than its host, lives in close physical association with it, and generally saps its host’s strength rather than killing it outright.

Sugar-protein complexes occurring in prokaryotic cell walls

An organism that captures energy from light.

Photosynthetic microorganisms that live near the surface of marine and fresh water.

One form of a true slime mold that is a mass of continuous cytoplasm surrounded by one plasma membrane that moves slowly, like a giant amoeba. Also, the genus of malarial parasites.

A species of water mold that rots and kills growing potato vines.

An intracellular disease-causing entity apparently consisting only of protein and having no genetic material.

An organism made up of a prokaryotic cell.

• Proteobacteria
• The largest and most diverse group in the domain Bacteria.

Limblike cellular extensions that help protists and certain blood cells move and feed.

Single-celled protists that produce beautiful silicon-based shells.

Small delicate aquatic protists that occur as thin filaments or flat sheets and produce red pigments

• Dense blooms of certain dinoflagellates that tint water red and produce deadly toxins.

Tiny, rod-shaped parasitic bacteria.

An organism that lives on decomposing organic matter.

A bacterial cell with a spiral shape.

Bacteria with a distinctive spiral shape.

[1] The tiny, light-sensitive eyespot of a euglenoid. [2] The sticky top of a flower that serves as a pollen receptacle.

The stemlike structure that provides vertical support to an alga.

An organism that lives in a close relationship with an organism of another species.

Prokaryotes that thrive in very hot conditions.

The transfer of genes from one bacterium to another via a virus.

The process of transferring an inherited trait by incorporating a piece of foreign DNA into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.

A type of funguslike protist characterized by a plasmodium, a mass of continuous



cytoplasm surrounded by one plasma membrane and containing many diploid nuclei.

A bacterial cell with a curved rod shape.

An intracellular parasite that affects plants and consists only of small RNA molecules without any protein coat.

A type of funguslike protist containing several nuclei within a common cytoplasm and forming relatively large immobile egg cells; members of the Oomycota.

proteins, and nucleic acids.

meters of the Earth’s crust.

independent reproduction

question

the kingdoms of plants or fungi.

• controls the appearance of a physical, behavioral, or biochemical trait. A gene is a specific discrete portion of
• the DNA molecule in a chromosome that encodes an rRNA molecule.

scientific experimentation.

Protista.

respiration, digestion and the synthesis of organic molecules.

comprising members of similar families.

or more specialized functions

with the same general body plan. Equivalent to the division in plants.

hypothesis, a possible mechanism for how the world functions.