Chp 12

The heart is located in the

The top of the heart or uppermost part of the heart is called the

The botttom of the heart or the tip of the heart is called the

The heart is enclosed in the

what are the 3 layers of the Pericardial membrane?

outermost layer of the pericardial membrane is called the

lining the fibrous pericardium whid is betweeen the inner and outer most layer is the

on the surface of the heart muscle which is the inner most layer and is attached to the heart muscle which is actually a part of the heart also known as the epicardium is the

another name for the visceral pericardium is

Between the parietal and visceral pericardial membrane is the

what is the function of the serous fluid?

Tfhe walls of the 4 chambers of the hear are made of cardiac muscle called

The chambers of the heart are lined with

simple squamous epithelium that covers the valves of the heart and continues inot the vessels as their lining (endothelium).

what is the important physical characteristic of the endocardium?

The upper chambers of the heart are the right and left

what are the unique characteristic of heart

Slow heart beat or beats below 60 is called a

fast heart beat or beats over 90.

What are the 3 layers of the heart

The chambers of the heart are lined with a simple squamous epithelium that also covers the valves of the heart and continues to become the endothelium (inside blood vessels) as their lining. This is the inner most part of the heart

The walls of the 4 chambers of the heart are made of cardiac muscle that are similiar  in structure to those of skeletal muscle. This is the middle layer of the heart and is the

The outer layer of the heart and is really part of the pericardium is known as the

what term means Outside or outer is always known as the

This term always means inside or inner is always known as the

What are the  2 upper chambers of the heart

what are the 2 lower chambers of the heart

what are the thin walls in the upper chambers of the heart and are separated by a common wall of myocarium called

The lower chambers of the heart have thicher walls and is between the R & L ventricles and are separated by

The heart starts with ____

Why is the L ventricle the biggest part of the heart

What are the 4 valves in the heart

The bicuspid valve is also known as the

Which valve is located between the R atrium and R ventricle

which valv is located between the L atrium and L ventricle

These 2 large veins return blood from the body to the right atrium these veins are called

This vein carries blood from the upper body

this vein carries blood from the lower body

from the right atrium, blood will flow through what valve and into the right ventricle

What is the general purpose of the tricuspid valve.

The left atrium receives blood from the lungs by a way of what 4 veins

The blood then goes into the L ventricle through the L atrioventricular valve asls known as the

The purpose of the mitral valve is to

What is another function of the atria

When teh walls of the atria are streched yb increase blood volum or blood pressure the cells produce what

betweem the R ventricles and lungs are the

between the L ventricle and rest of body is the

What are the valves made of

when blood flows away from the heart its through the

When blood flows to the heart it is through the

this is the largest blood vessel and largest artery  where the L ventricle pumps blood to the body through what is called the

Blood comes into the heart through what veins

what does sinus mean

The hearts coronary vessels are

which coronary vessel supply the heart muscle

which coronary vessel drains the heart muscles

Which coronary vessel is the one that gets clogged up by plaque and causes heart attacks

which coronary vessel pools together into sinuses (a larger vein where blood collects)

this term means an alternative pathway for blood

When a heart gets clogged up and the muscle dies from lack of blood and is also commonly known as a heart attack this is called a

the term an area of necrotic (dead) tissue

the term ischemic means

at the junction of the pulmonary artery trunk and the R ventricle is the

the lower part of the R ventricle are columns of myocardium that helps open the cuspid valves and are attached to valves by connective tissue structure called chordae tendineae this is called

strands of fibrous connective tissues that extend from the papillary muscles to the flaps of the tricuspid valve is the

What is the fibrous connective tissue that anchors the outer edges of the valve flaps and keeps the valve openngs from stretching and also separates the myocardium of the atria and ventricles and prevents the contraciton of the atria from reaching the ventricles except by way of normal conduction pathway called

what is the sequence of events in one heartbeatand is the simultaneious contractions of the two atria , followed by a fraction of a second later by the simultaneous contraction of the two ventricles

another term fro contractions is

another term for relaxation is

of the cardiac cycle which contracts 1st

atrial systole is the

ventricular systole is the

serous membrance on the surface of the myocardium

heart muscle: forms the walls of the 4 chambers

endothelium that lines the chambers and covers the valves; smooth to prevent abnormal clotting

received deoxygenated blood from the body by way of the superior and inferior caval veins

Right AV valve; prevents backflow of blood from the RV to the RA when the RV contracts

pumps blood to the lungs by way of the pulmonary artery

Prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the RV when the RV relaxes

receives oxygenated blood fro mthe lungs by way of the 4 pulmonary veins

Left AV valve; prevents backflow of blood from the LV to the LA when the LV contracts

Pumps blood to the body by way of the aorta

Prevents backflow of blood from the aorta to the LV when the LV relaxes

in both the RV and LV; prevent inversion of the AV vlaves when the ventricles contract

fibrous connective tissue that anchors the 4 heart valves, prevents enlargemnt of the valve openings, and electrically insulates the ventricles form the atria

the conductions of the heart is controlled by what system

what are nodes

This is natural paste maker of the heart and sets the heart rate at 100xs a min =  72 beats a min.

receives impulses from the SA node for contraction and is located in the lower interatrial septum and tranmsmits the impulses down to the ventricles to the bottom of the
R atrium then
R 1st then Left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers

The only pathway for impulses from the atria to the ventricles is the

Bundle of His is also known as the

Have 1000s abd 1000s of branches looks like a tree and really helps spead signal to the muscle tissues of the heart and to the rest of ht ventricular myocardium and bring aobut ventricular systole

EKG or ECG which is an electronic reading

printed version of EKG

signal which triggers atrial contraction

signal that triggers ventricular contractions

average pulse is

max pulse is

what are the characteristics of the cardia muscle

waves of muscular contraction (one-way) that propel the contents through a hollow organ

a modification of the cell membrane of cardiac muscle cells; the end membranes of adjacent cells are folded and fit into one another; permits rapid transmission of the electrical impulses that bring aobut contraction.
connects the cells and allow signal to spread

This term means the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in 1 min.

The term for the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle per beat

an average stroke volume is

stroke volume X pulse (heart rate)= this is the formula for

The increase in stroke volum is the result of ____, which states that the more the cardiac muscle fibers are stretched, the more forcefully they contract.

when more blood returns to the heart it is called

the extra volume the heart can pumb when cecessary is call the

another measure of the health of the heart is the percent of the blood in a ventricle that is pumped during systole is called the

What part of the brain contains the two cardiac centers, the accelerator center and the inhibitory center.

What centers send impulses to the heart along autonomic nerves?

which part of the the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate and force of contraction during exercise and stressful situations

which part of the autonomic nervous system decreases the heart rate  ( the neurotransmitter is acetylcholine). At rest these impulses slow down te depolariztion of the SA node to what wecalled the resting rate, and they also slow the heart after exercise is over

name the receptors in the carotid sinuses and arotic sinus that detect changes in the blood pressure

name the receptors that are in the carotid bodies and aortic body detect changes in the oxygen contents of the blood