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What are the main characteristics of life?
Cells, reproduce, energy for metabolism, growth, organization, homeostasis, respond to the environment, adaptation
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What are the steps of the scientific method?
Observe, form hypothesis, design an experiment, analyze data, form a conclusion
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What are the most common elements in living things?
CHNOPS (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
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What is an atom?
Smallest piece of matter that still has the properties of elements
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What is an element?
Substances that cannot be broken down to simpler substances with different properties
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What are the properties of electrons?
Negative charge and no mass
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What are the properties of neutrons?
No charge and a mass of 1
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What are properties of protons?
Positive charge and mass of 1
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What is atomic number?
Number of protons
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What is mass number?
Number of protons + number of neutrons
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What is an ionic bond?
Force of attraction between opposit charges of ions that result in a neutral compound
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What is a covalent bond?
Force of attractions between atom sharing electrons that results in a molecule
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What is a non-polar substance?
Electrons are shared equally
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What is a polar substance?
Electrons are shared unequally (one end slightly negative and one end slightly positive)
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What is a hydrogen bond?
Molecule with polar covalent bonds slightly positive hydrogen atom attracts a slightly negative atom of another molecule
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What is C-14 dating?
A way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old...Undergoes radioactive decay, decreasing in dead things over time
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What is radiation?
Larger isotopes can be unstable and undergo radioactive decay, splitting the atom into a new element and releasing energy and subatomic articles
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What is heaat capacity?
Water must gain or lose a relatively large amount of energy for its temperature to change
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What is a buffer?
A soultion that helps prevent PH change
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What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons; have same properties
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What is an acid?
Contains atleast one hydrogen atom that can be removed when the acid is dissolved in water (citric acid, sulfric acid, soda beer vineagr)
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What is a base?
A substance that forms hydroxide ions (ammonia, stomach antiacids, oven cleaner, baking soda)
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What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate (single nucleotide with three phosphate groups....energy currency of cell)
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What is hydrolysis?
Cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water
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What is a polymer?
Many subunits
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What is a monomer?
One subunit
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What is an amino acid?
Molecules made from amine and carboxylic acid
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What is hydrophobic?
Has a "tail" and iis water fearing because it is nonpolar
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What is hydrophilic?
Has a "head" and is water loving because it is polar
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What are organic compunds?
Conatains carbons and make up living things
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What are lipids and what do they do?
Fatty acids, glycerol, fats and oils, phospholipids, steroids, waxes (stores energy)
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What are nucleic acids and what do they do?
DNA, RNA, ATP (composed of nucleotides, sugar, phosphate, N-containing base....stores genetic information, makes proteins)
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What are proteins and what do they do?
Polymers of amino acids (structural, motion and enzymes)
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What are carbohydrates and what do they do?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides (supplies energy)
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What are the 4 types of lipids?
Fatty acids (chain of carbon with carboxyl groups) Glycerol (has three -OH groups) Fats and Oils (3 fatty acids and glycerol.....long term energy storage) Phospholipids (Consist of hydrophilic and hydrophobic) Steriods (fused carbon structures) Waxes
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