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rotation (right or left)
right or left rotation in the transverse plane, usually used to describe neck and trunk movement.
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elevation
movement of the scapula superiorly in the frontal plane.
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depression
movement of the scapula inferiorly in the frontal plane.
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retraction
movement of the scapula toward the spine in the transverse plane.
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protraction
movement of the scapula away from the spine in the transverse plane.
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upward rotation
superior and lateral movement of the inferior angle of the scapula in the frontal plane.
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downward rotation
inferior and medial movement of the inferior angle of the scapula in the frontal plane.
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circumduction
a compound circular movement involving flexion, extension, abduction, adduction circumscribing a cone shape.
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radial deviation
abduction of the wrist in the frontal plane
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ulnar deviation
adduction of the wrist in the frontal plane.
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flexion
movement resulting in a decrease of the joint angle, usually moving anteriorly in the sagittal plane.
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extention
movement resulting in the increase of the joint angle, usually moving posteriorly in the sagittal plane.
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abduction
movement away from the midline of the body, usually in the frontal plane.
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adduction
movement toward the midline of the body, usually in the frontal plane.
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horizontal adduction
movement toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane, usually used to describe horizontal humerus movement when the shoulder is flexed at 90 degrees.
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horizontal abduction
movement away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane, usually used to describe horizontal humerus movement when the shoulder is flexed at 90 degrees.
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internal (medial) rotation
rotation in transverse plane toward midline of body.
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external (lateral) rotation
rotation in the transverse plane away from midline of body.
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lateral flexion (left or right)
movement away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane, usually used to describe neck and trunk movement.
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opposition
diagonal movement of thumb across the palmar surface to make contact with the fifth digit.
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eversion
abducting the ankle.
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inversion
adducting the ankle
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dorsiflexion
flexing the ankle so that the foot moves anteriorly in the sagittal plane.
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plantarflexion
extending the ankle so that the foot moves posteriorly in the sagittal plane.
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pronation (foot/ankle)
combined movements of abduction and eversion resulting in the lowering of the medial margin of the foot.
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supination (foot/ankle)
combined movements of adduction and invesion resulting in raising of the medial margin of the foot.
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