Sociology Test 1

the study of systematic or scientific study of human social life, groups, and society

a group of people who share a culture and territory

thecorners in live people occupy because of where they are located- sociologistslook at income, education, race, etc.

 Learning to think sociologically looking in other words at the broader view means culturally the imagination

• -          Describes the one quality of mind that all great social analysts’ seem to process in common as the “sociological imagination” /
• -   It is the ability to understand the intersection between biography and history or the interplay between the self and the world

set of statements that explains why something occurs 

informationthat is based on observation , experiments or experiences

• -          Founding father of sociology  
• -        1st to advocate using positivism to study social life (scientific method)
• -          Advocate social reform

• -          Class conflict is the engine of world history
• -          Proletariat vs. the bourgeoisie (relationships to the means of productions)
• -          Revolution classes society

• -           1st  professor of sociology
• -          Wanted to show how social forces affect people’s behavior
• -          One of the most influential studies—suicide (women less likely /protestants more likely)
• -          One of the main social factors—social integration -          Social facts: some things that can be observed

• -          Sought to understand social change
• -          Ideas and values affects social change
• o   Religious ideas and values especially
• -          Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism

• -          First woman sociologist
• -          Translated Comte’s ‘Introduction to Positive Philosophy”
• -          “Society in America”
• -          Why is Martineau significant in sociology today?o   Focus on all aspects of society
• o   Understands society as a whole
• o   Understanding women’s lives
• o   Turned a sociological eye on previously ignored issues
• o   Emphasis on social reform
• §   Try to change society in a way that is beneficial

-          First woman to win a noble peace prize-          Wrote about industrialization effecting immigrants and the poor-          Applied sociology-          Tried to address problems in communities that were the subject of her research-          Established Hull house-1889o   Chicago – Illinois campus

• -          Notable pioneer in sociology of race relations
• -          Groundbreaking research- history of the slave trade, post civil war reconstruction, problems of urban ghetto life, nature of black American history
• -          First African American to get a PhD from Harvard University
• -          Forerunner in the civil rights, black nationalism, and pan-American movements

analyzingsociety with the aim of gaining knowledge

using sociology to solve problems 

abstract propositions of how things are as well as how they should be

guidingprinciples of abstract models that attempt to explain and predict the socialworld

• a paradigm that begins with the assumption that society is unified whole that functions because of the contributions of its separate structures
• -          Function to insure stability of society (order)Structure- social institution that is relatively stable over time and that meets the needs of society performing functions necessary to maintain social order and stability

• -          Society is a stable ordered system of interrelated parts or structures
• -          Each structure has a function that contributes to the continued stability of the whole

obvious, intended functions of a socialstructure

less obvious perhaps unintended functions

Emphasizes social conflict as the basis ofsociety. The origins of conflict theory lie in the thinking of Karl Marx.