-
Treponema pallidum
- Spirochete
- -causes syphills
-
Borrelia recurrentis
- Spirochete
- -causes relapsing fever
-
Leptospira sp.
- Spirochete
- -causes leptospirosis (kidney infection)
-
Borrelia burgdorferi
- Spirochete
- -causes lyme disease
-
Spirochetes: gram stain?
spirochetes: gram negative
-
Spirochetes: motility mode?
motile by means of axial filaments
-
Spirochetes: body shape good for?
body shape efficient for moving thru body fluids
-
How are spirochetes visualized?
- -staining with a fluorescent stain
- -view thru a dark-field microscope
-
Legionella pneumophilia
- gram negative aerobic rods and cocci
- - legionnaire's disease
-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram negative aerobic rods and cocci
- -opportunistic pathogen
- -pigment production: pyocyanin - blue pus
- -common cause of ear infection and nosocomial infections
-
Bordetella pertussis
- gram negative aerobic rods and cocci
- -whooping cough
-
Brucella sp.
gram negative aerobic rods and cocci
-causes undulant fever in unpasteurized milk
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
gram negative aerobic rods and cocci
- -diplococcic
- -causes STD gonorrhea
-
Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- AKA enteric or coliforms
- commonly inhabit GI tract
- group includes family Enterobacteriaceae (closely related species destinguished based on metabolic activity)
-
Escherichia coli
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- normal GI flora
- can cause infant dysentery from fecal contamination
-
Salmonella typhi
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- typhoid fever
-
Shigella sonnei
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- bacillary dysentery
-
Serratia marcescens
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- opportunistic pathogen
-
Proteus sp.
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- -urinary, wound and burn infections
-
Enterobacter spp.
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- urinary and wound infections
-
Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- may be normal GI flora
- can cause pneumonia
-
Vibrio cholera
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- slightly curved roods
- causes Asiatic cholera
-
Yersinia pestis
- Facultatively anaerobic gram negative rods
- causes 2 forms of plague
- 1. bubonic - lymph node infection
- 2. pneumonic - more serious, lung and bloodstream infection
-
Rickettsias & Chlamydias: gram stain?
Gram negative
-
Rickettsias & Chlamydias
- obligate intracellular parasites
- major difference: rickettsias vectored by an arthropod
-
Rickettsia prowanzekii
- Rickettsias
- epidemic typhus
- vector: ticks/ lice
-
R. rickettsii
- Rickettsias
- rocky mountain spotted fever
- vector: tick
-
Coxiella burnetti
- Rickettsias
- causes Q fever (respiratory infection)
-
Chalmydia trachomatis
- causes nongonococcal urethritis (common STD)
- 2 life stages:
- 1. reticulate body - vegetative form
- 2. elementary body - dormant, infectious stage
-
Mycoplasmas
- pleomorphic bacteria (many shapes)
- lack cell wall
-
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- mycoplasma
- cause primary, atypical pneumona (walking pnuemonia)
- common tissue culture contaminant
- very slow grower
-
gram positive cocci: found?
found in soil, on skin, mucous membranes and skin glands
-
Staphylococcus aureus
- gram positive cocci
- causes TSS, common food poisoning, skin boils
- Grown on blood agar: yellow pale pigment produced
-
Staphylococcus epidermidis
- gram positive cocci
- white colonies
- normal skin flora
- opportunistic pathogen
-
Streptococcus pneumoniae
- gram positive cocci
- cells usually arranged in pairs
- causes pneumonia
-
Streptococcus pyogenes
- gram positive cocci
- causes peripheral fever, strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever
- 1. pathogenic streps: produce hemolysins (exoenzymes break down RBCs)
- 2. alpha hemolysis: partial RBC breakdown, causes blood agar turn greenish tan
- 3. beta hemolysis: total RBC breakdown, causes blood agar to clear
-
Micrococcus spp.
- gram positive cocci
- usually nonpathogenic
- several species produce red, yellow, and orange pigments
-
Endospore-forming gram positive rods and cocci
produce heat and chemical resistant endospores
-
Bacillus anthracis
- Endospore-forming gram positive rods and cocci
- anthrax
-
Bacillus thuringensis
- Endospore-forming gram positive rods and cocci
- biological insecticide
-
Clostridium spp.
- Endospore-forming gram positive rods and cocci
- obligate anaerobes
- 1. C. tetani: tetanus
- 2. C. perfringens: gas gangrene
- 3. C. botulinum: botulism
-
Mycobacterium
- aerobic, nonmotile, gram positive
- myco= fungus. sometimes growth resembles fungal mycelia BUT not fungus
- cell walls = lipid called mycolic acid ==> stain acid fast
-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium
- tuberculosis
-
Mycobacterium leprae
- Mycobacterium
- causes leprosy
-
Archaeobacteria
- includes halophiles (salt lover), methane producers, thermophiles
- most primitive bacteria forms
-
Halobacterium spp
- archaeobacteria
- require high conc of salt (1.5 molar) to maintain cell wall
-
Actinomycetes
- form long filamentous branches of cells
- bergey's manual: divided 5 groups on SPORE LOCATION and MYCELIUM (mass of filaments of cells) ARRANGEMENT
- most produce asexual spores called condidiospores to reproduce
- common soil inhabitabts
-
Frankia sp. and Rhizobium sp.
- anctinomycete
- live in root nodules
- increase soil fertility in plants like legumes by NITROGEN FIXATION
-
Streptomyces spp
- actinomycete
- common in soil
- produces majority of commerical antibiotics
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