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the new approach to China in February 1972,
gave strains in the relationship with Japan and they were shocked in several different ways. The Japanese became more dependent because of this; India became a new independent country in 1947 after being ruled by Britain and Franklin Roosevelt was taking advantage of this by trying to be friends with them.
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In the 1960’s, this relationship was somewhat problematic but
·India needed America’s grain and other foods so they were nice to them. There was also an East and West Pakistan, which is now Pakistan and Bangladesh, and Kissinger went over there to be friends with their government in 1971.
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The Indian army went into East Pakistan because
· they had some miscommunications;
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Nixon had outlined his foreign policy with new China with an 8-point proposal which linked with the Truman Doctrine.
Nixon made it clear that the Saigon government and ours would be a joint treaty instead of us always looking over them; with the opening to China, they stated this would make the Soviet Union stronger because they were tied into them. The Soviets also recognized Bangladesh after it was created; they also had a good relationship with the Hanoi government. Finally the Japanese opened up a created communication with the Soviets.
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The Soviet Union had planned a summit conference in May 1972 and this
- is when America was bombing North Vietnam; a major conference was in Moscow and there were 3 agreements that came out of that. The SALT (strategic arms legislature treaty) 1 which limited the number
- of long range missiles countries had, the ABM (anti-ballistic missile) treaty and each country could only have 2 missiles, finally a new grain agreement where America would give a massive amount of grain to the Soviets.
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Salvador Allende was moving rapidly towards communism in Chile;
chief of staff Ranae Schneider of Chile was talked to and tried to get Allende out of office but Schneider was a diehard Chilean. The CIA ended up capturing Schneider and murdered him because he was not willing to collaborate; on October 24th and Allende was the new president of Chile. 1 and a half million dollars of the CIA was given to a major newspaper which was aimed at the socialist party in Chile; some of the money was also sent to terrorist groups in Chile to oppose the new administration.
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Truckers were paid to go out on strike in Chile
and would not deliver goods across the country; all economic assistance given to Chile was stopped except for military assistance from America. Eventually these efforts by the CIA led to a military coup in September 1973 and Allende was overthrown; at the time Nixon and Kissinger denied that America was involved in this and he lied under oath. In March of 1976, Nixon stated that he was greatly concerned about Allende and how it would tie into the potential election of a social democrat in Chile.
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Frank Church out of Idaho said that Chile was a
dagger pointed towards Antarctica, which meant they were no threat to America. Nixon and Kissinger were not only concerned about socialism,
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but also were concerned in the heart of Europe;
in Germany, a new social democratic government was taking over under the leadership of Willy Brandt under the new approach called détente. Willy Brandt developed this after he was in power in 1969; Nixon and Kissinger were not ready for fundamental changes in the middle of Europe, they wanted to control their relationship with Germany.
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Willy Brandt’s new government began to reshape the heart of Europe;
Germany was at the core of the cold war and certainly Berlin was a pivotal point in that war. What Brandt wanted to do was open up a new relationship between West Germany and the Soviets;
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this led to the first major treaty, on
August 12, 1970, West Germany and the Soviets concluded a treaty which was at Moscow; both sides renounced the use of force to change the status quote. They also announced their respect of territorial states that suggested West Germany would accept the legitimacy of East Germany; the second agreement was a new four part agreement with the Americans, French, and British to go into negotiations with the Soviets and they were all the occupying powers of Germany after the war; they were in control until 1955.
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On September 1971, these 4 powers reached an agreement
reaffirming that the 4 powers were responsible of the status of Germany and the status of Berlin; the Soviets were now agreeing to maintain their postwar responsibilities in Germany and Berlin. This also created close ties between West Berlin and West Germany; the Soviets would not try to absorb West Berlin into East Berlin or East Germany. This created an umbrella so that the rest of Germany could get along together; the basic treaty was made between the 2 states
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