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The transistion between childhood and adulthood
Adolescence
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A flood of biological events leading to an adult-sized body and sexual maturity
Puberty
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11-12 to 14 years: This is a period of rapid pubertal change
Early Adolescence
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14 to 16 years: Pubertal changes are now nearly complete
Middle Adolescence
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16 - 18 years: The young people achieve full adult appearance and anticipates assumption of adult roles
Late Adolescence
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The first outward sign of puberty in which there is a rapid gain in height and weight
Growth spurt
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Involve the reproductive organs ovaries, uterus ,and vagina in females; penis, scrotum and testes in males
Primary sexual characteristics
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Breast development in femals and the appearance of underarm and pubic hair in both sexes
Secondary sexual characteristics
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Menarche
First mestruation
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Spermache
The first ejaculation
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Concept and attitude toward their physical appearance
Body Image
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A eating disorder in which young people starve themselves because of fear of getting fat
Anorexia
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A eating disorder in which people engage in strict dieting and exercis accompanied by binge eating, often followed by deliberated vomiting and purging with laxitives
Bulimia
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According to Piaget, around age 11, young people enter a period in which they develop a capcity for abstract, systematic and scientific thinking
Formal operational stage
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Adolescents ability to evaluate verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances
Propositional Thoughts
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The major personality acheivement of adolescence and a cruial step toward becoming a productive, content adult
Identity
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If young people's earlier conflicts were resolved negatively
or if society limits their choices to one that does not match their ability and desires, they may appear shallow, directionless, and unprepared for the challenges of adulthood
Identity vs. Identity confusion
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Commitment to values, beliefs and goals followed by a period of exploration
Identity achievement
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Exploration without having reached commitment
Identity moratorium
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Commitment in the absence of exploration
Identity foreclosure
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A state characterized by both a lack of commitment and
exploration
Identity diffusion
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A sense of ethnic group membership and attitudes and
feelings associated with that membership
Ethnic Identity
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The first stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral development
Preconventional Level
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What is the second Level of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral development?
Conventional Level
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What is the third Level of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
Postconventional Level
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At this Level of Kohlberg's Moral development, conformity to laws and rules preserve positive human relationships and societal order
Conventional Level
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At this Level of Kohlberg's Moral development, morality is defined by abstract, univeral principles of justice
Postconventional Level
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At this Level of Kohlberg's Moral development, morality is externally controlled by rewards, punishment, and authority figures
Preconventional Level
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Increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior and movement towards a more traditional gender indentity
Gender intensification
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A sense to seperate, self-governing.
Autonomy
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Group about 5 to 7 members who are close firends and usually resemble one another in clothing, family background and values
Clique
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A large group of people with similar values
Crowd
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A coherent set of ideas about thought. "Thinking about thinking.
Metacognition
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An adolescents' belief that they are the focus of everyone else's attention and concern
Imaginary audience
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A teenager's inflated opinion about their own importance
Personal fable
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The begining of a decline in the functions of organs and systems
Biological aging/Senescence
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Located at the ends of chromosomes, seving as a "cap" to protect the ends from destruction
Telomeres
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Naturally occuring high reactive chemicals that form in the presence of oxygen
Free radicals
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Over time protien fibers that make up the body's connective tissue form bonds or links with one another
Cross-linkage theory of aging
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The amount of energy the body uses at complete rest
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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An array of physical and psychological symptoms that usally appear six to ten days prior to mesnstruation
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
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Post Formal thought
Cognitive thinking beyond Piaget's formal operational stage
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Our reflections on how we arrived at facts, beliefs, and ideas
Epistemic cogntion
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What is the average age range for the growth spurt in boys?
between 12 1/2 and 17 1/2
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What is the average age range for the growth spurt in girls?
between 10 and 16
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Name 4 issues with boys that mature early?
- 1. Relaxed
- 2. Independent
- 3. Physically attractive
- 4. Self - Confident
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Name 4 issues with girls that mature early?
- 1. Depressed
- 2. Repressed
- 3. Anxious
- 4. Withdrawn
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Which ehtnicity is more at risk for an eating disorder?
- 1. Asian-Americans girls
- 2. Caucasian-Americans girls
- 3. Hispanic grils
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What kind of boys are usually anorexic?
Homosexual or Bisexual boys
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What is the most successful form of treatment for anorexia or bulemia?
- 1. Family Therapy
- 2. Medication
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Which is more common between bulemia and anorexia?
Bulemia
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What are the risks of teen pregnancy?
- 1. Low Birth weight
- 2. Premature Birth
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Name 3 ways to prevent teen pregnancy
- 1. Parental monitoring
- 2. Education
- 3. Access to birth control
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Continued development of unused synapses of the cerebral cortex
Pruning
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The soft white fatty material that coats stimulated cells that strengthen among various brain regions
Myelination
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Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
A form of thought that begins with hypothetical possibilities and proceeds to reality.
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Awareness of thought that leads to new insights into effective strategies for acquiring information and solving problems
Metacognition
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Name 3 Problems associated with school transition
- 1. Lack of persona attention
- 2. Lower parental involvement
- 3. Greater academic responsibilities
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Name 3 things to help adolescents adjust to school transition
- 1. Support from parents, teachers and peers
- 2. Education-centered friends
- 3. Minimizing competition
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Name 4 preventitive strategies for High school drop-outs
- 1. Parental involvement
- 2. Remdial instruction and counseling
- 3. Extracurricular activities
- 4. Vocational training
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Authoratative Parenting
A parental style that promotes higher achievement. Parents have a good balance of parental monitoring and child autonomy.
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A researcher that disagreed with Kohlberg "rights and justice" approach and favored a more feminine "ethics of care" approach.
Carol Gilligan
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Why doesn't everyone reach postconventional stage?
Kohlberg believed in order for individuals to reach postconventional stage, they need to attain advanced education in philosophy
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What are 3 risk factors of Delinquency?
- 1. Low Parental monitoring
- 2. Lowo in warmth, high in conflict family
- 3. Low SES
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Name 4 factors related to adolescent suicide
- 1. Heredity
- 2. Environmental facotors
- 3. Learned helplessness
- 4. Depression
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The number of years tht an individual born in a particular year can expect to live
Average Life expectancy
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What was the average life expectancy for a baby born in 1900?
Just under 50 years old
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What was the average life expectancy for women in 2008?
81
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What was the average life expectancy for men in 2008?
75
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What are 4 factors that affect life expectancy?
- 1. SES
- 2. Ethnicity/Nationality
- 4. Education
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What is the average maxium life span age?
85
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Dividing information, values and authorities into right and wrong, good and bad, we and they
Dualistic thinking
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Awareness of multiple truths
Relativistic thinking
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A perspective that synthasizes contradiction
Commitment within relativisitc thinking
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How does commitment within relativistic thinking relate to education?
At this stage, adults seek different perspectives to advance their knowledge and understanding
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A logical, commonsense and realistic way of thinking and solving problems
pragmatic thinking
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The coordination of positive and negative feelings into a complex, organized structure
Cognitive-affective complexity
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