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motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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instinct
complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
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drive-reduction theory
idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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homeostasis
tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
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incentive
positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
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hierarchy of needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
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glucose
form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues
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set point
point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set.
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basal metabolic rate
body's resting rate of energy expenditure
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anorexia nervosa
eating disorder in which a normal weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight
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bulimia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
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sexual response cycle
four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, organsm, and resolution.
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refractory period
resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
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sexual disorder
problem that consistently impairs sexual arousol or functioning
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estrogen
sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males.
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testosterone
most important of the male sex hormones
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sexual orientation
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of one's own sex or the other sex
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