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atmospherics
The physical aspects of the selling environment retailers try to control.
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attitudes
“Mental positions” or emotional feelings people have about products, services, companies, ideas, issues, or institutions.
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chronological age
A person’s age in years.
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cognitive age
The age a buyer perceives himself or herself to be.
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consumer behavior
The study of when, where, and how people buy things and then dispose of them.
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culture
The shared beliefs, customs, behaviors, and attitudes that characterize a society used to cope with their world and with one another.
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evaluative criteria
Certain characteristics of products consumers consider when they are making buying decisions.
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extended problem solving
Purchasing decisions in which a consumer gathers a significant amount of information before making a decision.
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high-involvement products
Products that carry a high price tag or high level of risk to the individual or group making the decision.
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ideal self
How a person would like to view himself or herself.
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impulse buying
Purchases that occurs with no planning or forethought.
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learning
The process by which consumers change their behavior after they gain information or experience with a product.
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limited problem solving
Purchasing decisions made based on consideration of some outside information.
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low-involvement products
Products that carry a low risk of failure and/or have a low price tag for a specific individual or group making the decision.
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motivation
The inward drive people have to get what they need.
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operant conditioning
A type of behavior that’s repeated when it’s rewarded.
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opinion leaders
People with expertise certain areas. Consumers respect these people and often ask their opinions before they buy goods and services.
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perception
How people interpret the world around them.
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personality
An individual’s disposition as other people see it.
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planned obsolescence
A deliberate effort by companies to make their products obsolete, or unusable, after a period of time.
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postpurchase dissonance
A situation in which consumers rethink their decisions after purchasing products and wonder if they made the best decision.
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psychographics
Measuring the attitudes, values, lifestyles, and opinions of consumers using demographics.
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reference groups
Groups a consumer identifies with and wants to join.
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routine response behavior
When consumers make automatic purchase decisions based on limited information or information they have gathered in the past.
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search advertising
Advertising that appears on the Web pages pulled up when online searches are conducted.
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selective perception
The process whereby a person filters information based on how relevant it is to them.
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selective retention
The process whereby a person retains information based on how well it matches their values and beliefs.
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self-concept
How a person sees himself or herself.
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shock advertising
Advertising designed to startle people so as to get their attention.
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social class
A group of people who have the same social, economic, or educational status in society.
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subculture
A group of people within a culture who are different from the dominant culture but have something in common with one another, such as common interests, vocations or jobs, religions, ethnic backgrounds, or sexual orientations.
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subliminal advertising
Advertising that is not apparent to consumers but is thought to be perceived subconsciously by them.
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evaluative criteria
Certain characteristics of products consumers consider when they are making buying decisions.
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extended problem solving
Purchasing decisions in which a consumer gathers a significant amount of information before making a decision.
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high-involvement products
Products that carry a high price tag or high level of risk to the individual or group making the decision.
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impulse buying
Purchases that occurs with no planning or forethought.
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limited problem solving
Purchasing decisions made based on consideration of some outside information.
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low-involvement products
Products that carry a low risk of failure and/or have a low price tag for a specific individual or group making the decision.
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planned obsolescence
A deliberate effort by companies to make their products obsolete, or unusable, after a period of time.
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postpurchase dissonance
A situation in which consumers rethink their decisions after purchasing products and wonder if they made the best decision.
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routine response behavior
When consumers make automatic purchase decisions based on limited information or information they have gathered in the past.
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