Exam 1

A complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols used as various modes for thought and communication. 

What are the language descriptions or the components of language? 

What are the language domains and to what category do they belong? 

Sound systems of the language; smallest unit of language that overlays the meaning to motoric movements of speech

Smallest unit of language that expresses meaning

Sentence level structure of language that marks relationships between rules and ideas

The meaning of the language; consists of two types of information lexical and conceptual 

how we use language; intent; request; quality of expression; topic initiation, maintenance, shifting, closure; eye contact; body gestures, intonation 

What are the stages of communication? 

It refers to the unintentional stage of communication; burping, vocalizations 

Typical developing infant uses gestures and non linguistic gestures to communicate; known as a "metalinguistic" stage of communication

Prelocutionary and Illocutionary stages are known as what type of skills?

define "match"; name an rodent that rhymes with "hat"; "got up on the wrong side of the bed"; "as light as a feather"; "got milk?"; "what has flies and four wheels?"; Linguistic and Metalinguistic

Type of language that is life long learning

The ability to think and talk about language 

Trained in assessment and intervention of disorders of speech (articulation, voice, fluency), language; also involved in accent reduction

What is the process of becoming a Speech-Language Pathologist?

What is the process of getting a referral to a Speech-Language Pathologist?

Goal- end product of treatment; "the child will demonstrate age-appropriate communication skills for academic, social, and vocational success" 

Goal- to be accomplished within weeks or months; "The child will demonstrate good understanding of age- appropriate synonyms with 90% accuracy with minimal assistance"

Goals set for a specific treatment session; "the child will provide 10 synonyms from Word Lish 1 with 85% accuracy with verbal cueing and modeling"

exact demonstration of what the clinican expects the child to do

clinician may run his hand along the child's arm to indicate that the child should produce the /z/ sound at the end of the word "cars"

helps the child experience different sensations such as feeling, seeing, listening, watching

Refers to the progressive and continuous growth of perception, memory, imagination, conception, judgment, and reason; involves the mental activities of comprehendng information and the processes of acquiring, organizing, remembering, and using knowledge; used for problem solving and generalization to novel situations. 

Aspect of adaptation process- Child's attempt to incorporate new stimuli into existing schemas or structures 

Aspect of adaptation process- Child is exposed a new stimulus that DOES NOT fit into existing schemes and must integrate the new information.

What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

A stage of Piaget's cogniitive development from birth to 2 years; reflexive and reacts to stimuli in the environment and motoric

A stage of Piaget's cogniitive development from 2-7 years; language and cognition closely linked; child is able to represent action through thought and language; Intellectual development at this stage is called _________; children in this stage are egocentric and pay attention to only part of a situation

A stage of Piaget's cogniitive development from 7- 11 years; abstract thought develops and rational judgments; as the child matures and enters advanced, logical thinking stages he develops what 3 things?

The ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems such as follow a line of reasoning back to where it began 

The ability to mentally arrange elements in a series according to value, size, or any other criterion

The act of grouping objects according to their similarities 

A stage of Piaget's cogniitive development from 11- 15 year; fully developed cognition and multiple points of view; the child develops an ability to solve both verbal and scientific problems; abstract thought and logical reasoning dominate  the intellectual growth of the child at this final stage of development

movement that involve large muscles (i.e., trunk muscles, leg muscles)

smaller muscles used in the tongue or for writing

The sensorimotor period was broken down into six specific categories due to the significant and rapid growth that occurs during this 2 year period. What are the six categories and what ages do they describe?

6 Gross Motor Milestones 
1. Sitting without support
2. Standing with assistance
3. Hands-&-knees crawling 
4. Walking with assistance
5. Standing alone
6. Walking alone 

Communication:
  Reflexive smile
  Crying
  Cooing
Social-Emotional:
 Homeostasis 
Self-regulation and interest in environment 

Communication:
 Selective attention to faces
 Discriminates between faces
 Social smile
 Development of mutual eye gaze
 Imitates some sounds
 Responds to name
 Smiles and vocalizes in mirror
 Can make basic wants and needs known to influence
     environment
Social- Emotional:
 Attachment formation with significant others
 Has a "falling in love" look with others

Communication:
  Obeys some commands
  Speaks one or more "words"
  Imitates inflections, rhythms, facial expression
  Babbles
  Develops jargon
Social-Emotional 
  Expresses different emotions
  Takes turns with others
  Realizes he can have an effect on the environment 

Communication:
  First true words and phrases 
  Tries to "tell" stories 
  Vocabulary growth spurt around 18 months
  Begins two- word combinations
Social-Emotional:
  Develops independence
  Engages in interactive play

internal wiring of the child for language development

environmental input the child receives to learn language 

Types of language development theories and whether they belong to nature or nurture. 

Attempts to explain the influence of semantics on the syntactic structure of language; proposes that there is an underlying level of the deep structure consisting of universal semantic concepts that specify word relationships