AP Bio 53

a group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area

is the number of individuals per unit area or volume(aka water living things)

is the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population

Birth, Death (mortality), Immigration, and emigration (going away)

the defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals

the study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time

age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population

a group of individuals of the same age

• a graphic method of representing some of the data in a life table. it is a plot of the proportion or number in a cohort still alive at each age
• 

is an age specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population

population size, time, change in population size, and the time interval over which we are evaluating population growth.

births in a population and deaths in a population

an ables us to calculate the expected number of deaths per unit time in a population of any size. D=mN per year

the number of offspring produced per unit time by average member of the population. B=bN per year

r=b-m

occurs when the per capita birth and death rates are equal (r=0)

 also shown a  or  extra credit question? Which on of the equations above will grow faster? (page 1177)

symbolized by K as the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

the per capita rate of increase approaches zero as the carrying capacity is reached  

in which individuals may have a more difficalt time surviving or reproducing if the population size is too small

the traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival

when reproduction begins, how often the organism reproduces, and how many offspring are produced per reproductive epsiode

"one-shot" pattern of big-bang reproduction examples of speacies that do this is the Pacific salmon and seasonal plants

repeated reproduction aka US this spiecise tipicaly care for their young 

selection traits that are sensitive to population density and are favored at high densities or density-dependent (close to carrying capasity)

selection for traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments or density-independent (below carrying capacity)

a birth rate or death rate that does NOT change with population size or density

a death rate that rises as population density rises as is a birth rate that falls with rising density 

see page 1183 cause i'm lazy 

population fluctuations from year to year or place to place are influenced by many factors and in turn affect other species including our own

the movement from high birth and death rates toward low birth and death rates