CPE

• -measures 02 Saturation,. Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure
• Systolic-100-160 mm/Kg
• Mean-80-120 mm/Hg
• Diastolic-60-100 mm/Hg -place on non-pigmented skin

• -take heart rate
• -measure form the tip of the nose to mid-sternum

• -less than 7kg patient- 200ml/kg/min (non-rebreathing) no less than 2000 ml/min
• -greater than 7kg patient- 30ml/kg /min (rebreathing)- no less than 500ml/min

60ml/kg

PSI x 0.3

10-15mg/kg

30ml/lb/24hrs

2x maintenance fluids -

88dog or 66cat/kg/hr (remember to divide by 4 for 15min sets)

- type of micro drip, allows for more precise measurement and delivery

bradycardia (anticholinergic)

2) Narcan (Naloxone HCL) reversal for opioids

3) Epinephrine increase heart rate & force of-contractions

4) Dopram (Doxapram) stimulates respiratory system & CNS

(a-2-antagonists) reversal for sedative {Rompun, Xylazine)

• Local anesthetic
• anti-dysrhytmic,
• agent for ventricular tachycardia
• decreases incidence of laryngospasms in cats

•  shock (push on lid to blow out cork and activate)
• -Prednisolone sodium succinate

•  Induction 2.5%
• Maintenance 1.5%

• Induction 2.5%
• Maintenance 1,5%

• Induction 4.5%
• Maintenance 3.5%

• -Developing -develop for 3 min at
• 68 degrees
• -decrease time by 30 seconds for every degree below -never less
• than 2 min.
• -increase time by 30 seconds for every degree above -never greater than 5 min.
• -overdeveloping is worse than over fixing

• -2 times the developing rime
• -example. Develop 3 min., fix 6 min

-minimum 20 sec.

• -between developing and fixing- 30 sec.
• -final rinse variable (approximately 10 min.)

• -decrease kVp by 15% -preferred
• -decreased mAs by 50% - if unable to decrease kVp

• -can distinguish borders
• -not diagnostic
• -decrease kVp by 10%
• -decrease mAs by 30%

• can go out of kVp range
• -decrease kVp by 2-3

• -can't distinguish different pans
• -increase kVp by 15%
• -preferred
• -increase mAs by 50% -if unable to increase kVp

• -can distinguish borders
• -not diagnostic'
• -increase kVp by 10%
• -increase mAs by 30%

• can go out of kVp range
• -increase kVp by 2-3

-thorax 75-95 -abdomen 65-85 -extremities 55-65

• -measures in cm
• -measure at widest point
• -abdomen-measure at the 13th rib
• -thorax- measure at the 9th rib
• -rear extremity- measure the distal femur
• -front extremity- measure the distal humerus

• -Neck Dorsal: Nuchal ligament - origination or the mane location Caudal: Scapula Ventral: Cervical Vertebrae -Semimembranosus & Semitendinosus (hamstrings)
•    -Pectoral & Gluteals

 knot between -ears (to occiput)

 Point of scapula; where the neck and back meet

 Medial splint (M2), Cannon (M3) Lateral splint (M4)

 joint between metacarpals and P1

Between PI andP2

triangle shaped fleshy pan underneath the hoof

white area around the frog

 almost axillary region; true knee

 Between tarsus and metatarsal bone III -Calcaneous tuberosity

Medial and lateral splints (M2 &. M4) & Cannon(M3)

• P1-Long pastern Proximal phalanx
• P2-Short pastern middle phalanx
• P3-Coffin bone distal phalanx (in hoof)

distal sesamoid bone

rump/bum

above eye

Below the eye

• Temperature 99.5 -100.5 F
• Pulse 35-45 BPM
• Respiration 10-12 BPM

• Dental 2(I 3/3, C l/0, PM3-4/3, M 3/3)=36-42 teeth -Vertebral C7,T18,L5,S5,Ca 15-21
• -Gestation 11 months (335 days)

• what side to approach a horse on-
• Left
• -halter a horse and a cow- for a cow the side that tightens goes under the chin
• Lead a horse
• Tie a quick release knot & a tail knot

• Strongylus vulgaris: Blood worm
• Oxyuris equi: pin worm – scotch tape prep
• Habronema spp: Summer sores

Sedatives – used to depress the CNS Rompun – Xylazine® Demordedon – Detomidine® Analgesics (opioids) used for pain relief Butorphanol – Torbugesic® Demoral

• 1) rabies- vaccination given at 16 wks SQ at the end of 3 shot series
• 2) Pseudo rabies- Vaccination
• 3) Plague- Yersinia pestis- No vaccination
• 4) Hemobartonella~ No vaccination
• 5) Giardia- Vaccination -be able to ID

• 1) canine distemper- vaccination
• 2) canine herpes virus- no vaccination
• 3) canine infectious hepatitis- vaccination
• 4) canine parvovirus- vaccination
• 5) canine corona virus- vaccination
• 6) canine infectious tracheobronchitis- vaccination
• 7) canine Leptospirosis- vaccination
• 8) canine brucellosis-no vaccination
• 9) canine lyme disease- vaccination
• 10) canine ehrlichiosis-no vaccination set

• SQ 3 shot series (8, 12. 16 wks)
• -Distemper. Hepatitis (adenovirus). Leptospirosis. Parvovirus Parainfluenza. corona virus

• 1) Feline Panleukopenia- vaccination
• 2) Feline upper respiratory disease- vaccination
• 3) FeLV- Vaccination
• 4) FIV- No vaccination
• 5)FIP- Vaccination
• 6) Feline Toxoplasmosis- No vaccination

• C SQ 3 shot series (8, 12, 16 wks)
• -Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calici virus. Panleukopenia,

• 1) Megaesophagus paralysis/dilation of esophagus; regurgitation
• 2) Vascular ring abnormality retention of embryonic right aortic arch, esophagus is trapped; aorta on right, base-of heart ventral
• 3) Spirocerca Lupi neoplasia esophageal worm-causing regurgitation +/- vomiting
• 4) Gastro-esophageal reflex hiatal hernia; regurgitation -early morning late day

inflammation of gingival esp. upper 4

bacterial infection in periodontal pocket

benign tumor of dogs, proliferative, cauliflower mass

 benign tumor of dogs, pedunculated {has stalk)

#1 in dogs ulcerated proliferative mass on lip or gingiva (gingival most common)

carcinoma #1 in cats, #2 in dogs, raised ulcer

#2 in cats, #3 in dogs, large breed young dogs, other breed old dogs, old cats

(salivary gland cyst) salivary gland, sub lingual gland & duct (after sleeping), vomiting if esophagitis

 to help separate periodontal ligament to aid in removal of teeth

 to determine sulcus depth

 help remove tarter from under the gum line

 to extract tooth, to chip off big pieces of tarter

 inflammation & mucosal damage to stomach: vomiting (infrequent)

Gastric acid &. pepsin causing erosions to stomach chronic vomiting

 Hypertrophy of-circular smooth muscle fibers narrowing; pyloric region

common in FeLV- cats; vomiting & weight loss

1000U/ml

• -1 tsp. 5ml
• -1Tbs. 15ml
• -1 02 30ml
• -1gr 60ml
• -1ml 15-16 gm
• -1 gal 128 oz.

Airway - breathing – Circulation - Drugs

• Cardiac compression 80 – 120/min, 80 – 100 LG dogs, 120 small animals Always do as many as you can
• 2 people 1 breath, 1 compression Best done simultaneously Increases force on the heart
• 1 person 15 compression, 2 breaths

• Dogs 88ml/kg
• Cats 66ml/kg

• ID and Use to ventilate patient with oxygen (during CPR)
• O2 goes in small hole in rear of bag Patient large hole connects to ET tube
• -large dog use two hands
• -kitty use one hand and do little puffs
• -should see the chest rise
• -be sure to allow the bag to refill

• Surgical fluids 10ml/kg/hr
• Hypotension 20ml/kg/hr
• Maintenance fluids 30ml/lb/24hr
• Drops per second volume / time / 3600 X Drip set= gtt/sec

• prednisolone sodium succinate
• -Rapid antiinflammatory
• -comes in an hour glass shaped bottle
• -Diluent on top
• -powder on the bottom
• -press on .top to blow out the -cork and mix
• -good for 24 hrs once mixed

• -Place in right lateral recumbency -
• Place hands at the elbow -Heart faces left -allows more force on the heart
• -large deep chested dogs should be placed in dorsal recumbency
• -place hands at the sternum -
• go as fast as you can go
• -may do intermittent chest and abdominal compressions
• -prevent blood from pooling -
• also may wrap legs with vet wrap to apply pressure and prevent pooling
• -ventilation and compressions are best done simultaneously -allows more compression on the bean.
• -keep ventilating -even if compressions are stopped-unless told other wise

• Drugs that can go down intratracheal (down the ET tube) -“LEAN” -Lidocaine
• -Epinephrine
• -Atropine
• -Naloxone/Narcan
• -given in 3 x 10 the IV dose -squirt it fast -remove the needle -use a red rubber catheter

• Wings of the ilium and the longissumus dorsi and ilio
• costalis

cruff and stretch while Karate Chopping the leg

• Air, Fat, Tissues of Water Density, Bone, and
• Enamel/Metal

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