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Programmed Decision?
A simple, routine manner for which a manager has an established decision rule.
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Nonprogrammed Decision?
A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution.
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Effective Decision?
S timely decision that meets a desired objective and is acceptable to those individuals affected by it.
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Rationality?
A logical step-by-step approach to decision making, with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences.
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Bounded Rationality?
A theory that suggests there are minits on how rational on desicion marker can actually be.
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Satisfice?
To select the first alternatives that is "good neough" because the costs in time and effort are too great to optimize.
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Heuristics?
Shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity.
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Garbage Can Model?
A theory that contends that decisions in organizations are random and unsystematic.
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Risk Aversion?
The tendency to choose options that entail fewer risk and less uncertainty.
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Escalation of Commitment?
The tendency to continue to support a failing course of action.
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Cognitive Style?
An individual's preference for gathering information and escalating alternatives.
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Intuition?
A fast, positive force in decision making that is utiized at a level behavior below consciousness and involves learned patterns of information.
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Creativity?
A process influenced by individual and organizational factors that results in the production of novel and useful ideas, products, or both.
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Particpative Decision Making?
Decision making in which individuals who are affected by decisions influence the making of those decisions.
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Synergy?
A positive force that occurs in groups when the group members stimulate new solutions to problems through the process of mutual influence and encouragement within the group.
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Social Decision Schemes?
Simple rules used to determine final group decisions.
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Groupthink?
A deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgement resulting from pressures within the group.
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Group Polarization?
The tendency for group discussion to produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members.
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Brainstorming?
A technique for generating as many ideas as possible on a given subject, while suspending evaluation until all the ideas have been suggested.
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Nominal Group Technique?
A structured approach to a group decision making that focuses on generating alternatives and choosing one.
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Delphi Technique?
Gethring the judgements of experts for use in decision making.
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Devil's Advocacy?
A technique for preventing group-think in which a group or individual is given the role of critic during decision making.
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Dialectical Inquiry?
A debate between two opposing sets of recommendations.
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