Psychology 101 final test chapters 14,15,16

it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease

distinguishing one illness from another

apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

forecast about the probable course of an illness.

difference from the norm

when it interferes with everyday functioning

another factor assessed in diagnosis of psychological disorders based on an individuals report of their internal emotions.

study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population

the percentage of a population that exhibit a disorder during a specified period of time.

class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety

marked by a chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to any specific threat

marked by an irrational and persistant fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.

characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

fear of going out the public places although it seems like it's a phobia, it's actually more like a complication of panic disorders

marked by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions)

involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event.

percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder

physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors

history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin

characterized by a significant loss of physical function (with no apparent organic basis) usually in a single organ system.

characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illness.

self-centered, suggestible, excitable, highly emotional, and overly dramatic

class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consiousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity.

sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting

lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity

coexistance in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different personalities aka multiple personality disorder

class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes

people show persistant feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

consists of chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to justify diagnosis on a major depressive episode

characterized by the experiece of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression

when they exhibit chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance.

derived by martin seligman depression is caused by passive giving up behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior

false beliefs that are maintained even though they clearly are out of touch with reality.

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or are gross distortions of perceptual input.

dominated by delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur.

motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity

particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen

people who don't fit into the three other types of schitzophrenia marked by idiosyncratic measures of schitzophrenic symptoms

involves behavioral deficits such as flattened emotions, social withdrawl, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech.

involves behavioral excesses or peculiarities such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas

the degree to which a relative of a patient displays highly critical or emotionally over involved attitudes toward the patient.

marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning.

marked by impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms.

a legal status indicating that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actions because of mental illness

people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will

syndromes found only in a few cultural groups

severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight and unhealthy effors to control weight

intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight and use of dangerous measures to lose weight

habitually engaging in out of control overeating followed by unhealthy measures to remove it such as laxative abuse, vommiting, or excessive exercise

distress inducing eating binges that are not accompanied by purging fasting or excessive exercise

basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is the the typical prototype of that event. ie thinking that mental illness isn't very common because our idea of mental illness is a person in a straitjacket

the coexistance of two or more disorders

belief that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either alone

basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with witch relevant instances come to mind

a particularly vocal critic of the medical model

SZSZSZSZSZSZSZSZSZSZSZS to be able to differentiate between the sounds made when pronouncing that, you have to be a critic of the vocal sounds.

prooved that even mental health professionals have a hard time distinguishing the normal from un-normal

prooved that determing mental illness is not as easy as determining if there is a ROSE iN HANd or not.

• preparedness explains things like why phobias of snakes are more common than phobias of rubber duckies
• Learned helplessness model explains depression as a giving up because the subject is unavoidably administered adverse things ie, bad things always happen to them

seLiGMan Learned Gelplessness Model

Women experience depression more because they're more likely to ruminate, they are subjected to more stress, and have female problems

Ruminate sounds like HOEKy SEMAntics for thinking about your problems

thinks that the current classification scheme for schitzophrenia isn't useful and has thusly catergorzied the types into negative and positive symptoms.

Nancy ANDreaSen Negative AND poSitive

specialize in diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems.

specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

involve verbal interactions inteded to enhance clients' self knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior

therapy that emphasizes the recovery of unconsious conflicts motives and defenses through techniques such as free association and dream analysis tranference

spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible

the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the clients dreams

the thereapists attempts to explain the inner significance of the clients thoughts feelings memories and behaviors

largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy

occurs when clients unconsiously start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical realtionships in their lives

insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.

therapy and reserch used to better understand the positive adaptive creative and fulfilling aspects of human existance

simultaneous psychological treatment of several clients in a group

recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment

involve the application of learning principles to direct efforts to change client's maladaptive beahviors.

behavior therapy used to reduce phobic clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning.

behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undersirable response

behavioral therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasize modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping.

use varied combos of verbal interventions and behavioral modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive behaviors or patterns of thinking.

uses specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders

physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders.

treatment of mental disorders with meds

relieve tension apprehension and nervousness

used to gradually reduce psychotic sypmtoms including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions

neaurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements of the mouth tongue face hands or feet

gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression

drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorder.

a biomedical treatment in which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convusions.

technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain.

a thin electrode is surgically implanted in the brain and connected to an implanted pulse generator so that various electrical currents can be delivered to brain tissue adjacent to the electrode

the practice of thearpy which involves drawing ideas from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system

medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders

tranferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community based facilities that emphasize outpatient care.

when a person scores at one extreme and then when retested they score more average

occur when peoples expectations lead them to experience some change even though they receive a fake treatment

client centered therapy

Mr ROGERS lets the train direct where the episode will go.

• Systematic desensitization: heirarchy, relaxation, completeing levels
• while relaxing

The WOLf/PE has to climb the mountain before it can get the mountain goat and eat it so that he can relax.

Cognitive therapy

To follow the strangers BECKon would be an error in thinking, something that AARON would strategically fix

The woman who reformed the hospitalization of mental patients so that they were no longer in jail or in the poorhouse

Dorothea says "There's no place like a mental hospital, there's no place like a mental hospital"

the branch of pshchology that's concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others

the process of forming impressions of others

widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group

when people estimate that they have encountered more confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen

a group that one belongs to and identifies with

a group that one does not belong to or identify with

inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others' behaviors and their own bahaviors

ascribe the causes of behavoir to personal disposiitons, traits, abilities, and feelings

ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental contriants

observer's bias in favor of intermal attribution in explaining others behavior

tendency to blame the victim for their misfortune so that one feels less likelt to be victimized in a similar way

tendency to attribute ones successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors

putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group membership

putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the group one belongs to

positive feelings toward another

proposes that males and females of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners

liking those who show that they like you

complete absorption in another that includes tender sexual feelings and the agony and ecstacy of intense emotion

warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwinded with one's own

warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship

and intent to maintain a realtionship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise

positive or negative evaluations of objects of thought

person who sengds a communication

person to whom the message is sent

the info transmitted

the medium through wich the message is sent

related congitions are inconsistent... or contradict each other

when people yeild to real or imagined social pressure

form of complience that occurs when people follow direcer commands, usually from somene in a position of authority

widely shared expectations about how people in certain positions are supposed to behave

two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent

people are less likely to provide help when they are in groups than when they are alone

reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves

when group discussion strengthens a groups dominant point of view and produces a shift towad a more extreme decision in that direction

when members of a cohesive group emphasize comcurrence at the exxpense of critical thinging in arriving at a decision

the strength of the liking relationships linking group members to each other and to the group itself

negative attitude held toward members of a group

behaviong differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a group

getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger request later

the rule that we should pay back in kind what we recieve from others

getting someone to commit to an attractive proposition before its hidden costs are revealed

Conformity

Passionate versus companionate love

Claimed that adults will have the same type of attachments in their realtionships as they did with their mother in infancy

Attribution internal or external

Groupthink

Obedience

Attribution stable or unstable

Prision experiment

Dissonance theory