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All living matter is made up of what 6 things
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why are covalent bonds strong and an example of one
Covalent bonding makes very strong connections between the atoms, so it's hard to break these molecules apart.
Water
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Why are hydrogen bonds and why are they weak
A hydrogen bond is an attraction between a partial positive charge and a partial negative charge, because they are not full charges, they are weak charges, and so the attraction between them is weak.
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Example of a polar molcule
Water
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Example of a non-polar molecule
hydrocarbons, lipids
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What are the chateristic of a polar molcule
- 1.) able to dissolve in water due to the polar nature of water
- 2.) Polar molecules have slightly positive and slightly negatively charged ends.
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What are the chateristic of a non-polar molcule
- - occurs when there is an equal sharing of electrons between two atoms.
- - non-polar molecules are water insoluble (hydrophobic)
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Define hydrophonic
tend to be non-polar and, thus, prefer other neutral molecules and non-polar solvents. ( not warter loving)
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hydrophilic
typically charge- polarized and capable of hydrogen bonding, enabling it to dissolve more readily in water
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What is Dehydration Synthesis and an example of what it does
usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. Stores energy
Ex. When glucose and Frutose bond and lost hto sucose it formed.
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When monosaccharides are joined together by dehydration synthesis then it is called_________ and forms what type of bond
glycosidic linkage; covalent
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What is anabolic
- reference to building up small molecules to larger ones
- Dehydration
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endergonic reaction
is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and energy is absorbed.
Dehydration
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Hydrolysis does what two things
Adds water and releases energy
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What is water added in hydrolysis
To break down the cavalent bond
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Wnat is the Catabolic does
processes are those which break down complex molecules to release energy. hydrolysis
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The catabolism of glucose is exergonic because it
releases free energy.
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What are waters 6 main properties
- Cohension
- Adhestion
- Transpiration
- High specfic head
- less dens as solid
- Good solvent
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Cohension means
Allows water to stick together with water
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Adhesion
tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another
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Transpiration
evaporation of water from plants
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Macromolecules
is a very large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits.
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A carbohydrate is a
organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen,
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A monomer is one of the subunits
polymers
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3 lipids and their functions
Fats, are composed of three fatty acids and glycerol store energy,
Phospholipids, two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, major component of cell membranes
Steroids, carbon backbone that consists of four fused ring-like structures; sex hormones
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The four levels of protein are:
- 1) Primary Structure
- 2) Secondary Structure
- 3) Tertiary Structure
- 4) Quaternary Structure
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Atoms - Biophere
Atom -> Molecules -> organells -> cells->tissse->Organs->orgaism->popultion->communites->Eco systems->biomes->Biophere
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Proton, netrons, and electrons
- Postive= protons
- Netron= no charge
- Electrons= negative charge
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How many bonds can carbon form and why
4 bonds because it has 4 valence electron and needs 4 more to be equal
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Why Carbon bonds are important
carbon bond gives rise to an enormous number of molecular forms, many of which are important structural elements of life
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6 main functional groups
hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, phosphate group and methyl group.
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Inorganic compounds lack
carbon and hydrogen atoms
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