Pumping Ch. 10-13

                   pumps- Used for priming and drafting. Can Pump Air. Early fire pumps used this method (rotary, single/double action.)

                    Pump - Modern Fire Pump. Does not use positive action to force water from the pump.

                        Pump - One of the most common pumps used as a primer for Cent Pumps.  Constructed with movable elements that automatically compensate for wear and maintain a tighter fit with closer clearances as the pump is used.

Centrifugal Pump - Non-positive Displacement, it imparts   
          to the water and converts it to                within the pump itself. 

Fundamentally, the Centrifugal Pump consists of 2 parts:
The                     and the                     .

          - Collects water and confines it in order to convert velocity into pressure *Velocity into pressure

The              is a water passage that gradually increases in cross-sectional area as it nears the discharge outlet of the pump. 

Because the Impeller turns at a high rate of speed, a              thrust is developed as the water is delivered to the discharge outlet. Water being removed at 2 places and traveling in opposite directions cancels the            thrust. 

In a Multi-Stage Centrifugal pump, the process of switching between Pressure mode and Series Mode is called                     

Most FD's specify the Transfer Valve stay in the Pressure position until more than         the rated capacity of the pump is necessary. 
Newer pumps can perform Changeover at           the rated capacity of the pump. 

The maximum NPDP that the transfer valve should be operated at during Changeover is      PSI. 

The most common type of            is a material made of rope fibers impregnated with graphite or lead. 

As packing rings wear with the operation of the shaft, the         
         can be tightened and the leak controlled. 

The                   (spacer) is supplied with the packing to provide Cooling and Lubrication. 

If the pump is equipped with                      instead of packings, they will not drip and require adjustment. 

With the engine idling and the pump engaged, the speedometer will read between      -       MPH.

Pumps and the piping system must withstand a        PSI hydrostatic test before being placed into service.

NFPA 1901 states that piping should be sized so that pumpers with a capacity of 500GPM or less should be able to provide      GPM from the booster tank. Pumpers that provide 500GPM or more should be able to provide      GPM from the onboard booster tank. 

Many pumpers today are equipped with tank-to-pump lines as large as       inches in diameter.

According to NFPA 1901, enough 2 1/2" or larger discharge outlets must be provided in order to flow the            
                           . 

Pumps rated greater than 750 GPM are required to have 2-   
     inch discharges, while pumps rated less than 750 gpm are only required to have 1-        inch discharge. 

Discharges 1 1/2 inches or larger must be supplied by       inch piping. 

All valves should be designed so they are easily operable at pressures up to        PSI. 

NFPA 1901 requires that apparatus with a water tank that is less than 1,000 gallons have a tank fill line that is       inch in diameter. Apparatus with a tank larger than 1000 gallons must have a       inch tank fill line. 

Booster Line Cooling Valve - aka -                 Valve -  serves the same function as the Circulator valve by diverting a portion of the discharge water into the Tank. This is done using Small Copper Tubing, flow is 10 - 20 GPM. 

The                     valve is the most common type of valve. It permits full-flow with minimal friction loss. The most common actuators are                                aka                       , or Quarter-turn handles. 

Gate Valve - Used on LDH intakes and discharges, commonly operated by                . May be electric, pneumatic or hydraulic. 

Butterfly Valve - Used on LDH intakes and discharges, commonly operated by                           handles. May be pneumatic, hydraulic or electric. 

NFPA 1901 requires that all valves on intakes and discharges that are      inch or greater to be equipped with Slow Acting Valve Controls. This prevents going from fully opened to fully closed in less than       seconds. 

NFPA 1901 requires some type of pressure control device to be part of any fire apparatus pumping system. The device must operate within       to            seconds and must not allow the pressure to exceed            PSI above the selected level. 

It is generally recommended that Intake Relief Valves be set to open when the pressure rises more than       PSI above the desired pressure. Most external screw-on intake pressure relief valves are equipped with a manual shut off valve that allows the water to the pump to be stopped. 

Newer apparatus may be equipped with an Electronic Governor. These use a pressure sensing element known as a Pressure                 that is conected to the discharge manifold. The Pressure                will automatically maintain pressure above 50 PSI, drop to idle below 50 PSI and initiates cavitation protection mode below          PSI. 

Most modern fire apparatus use                              Primers. Primers should be operated between              and             rpm's. Proper operation requires activating the Primer, and increasing engine rpm's to            to           .

The Master Intake Gauge is also known as the                or 
               Gauge. This gauge should read from -30mm of Mercury to 600PSI. 

The Throttle Knob is also known as the                 .

The best way to check the water supply is to                          .

                         - primary function is to control the temperature of the coolant in the apparatus engine during pumping. 

Drivers have 3 water sources to choose from:                 , 
                 , and                        . 

Once the D/O exits the cab, the next step, in all cases except during pump and roll operations is to                                  . 

Tests have indicated that the apparatus may override the parking brake system at engine speeds as low as            RPM's. 

Most D/O's operate solely from                              at the vast majority of incidents. 

When putting a multistage pump into operation, the Transfer valve should be in the                      position until 50% of the rated capacity of the pump is needed. Some manufacturers recommend staying in the                     position until 70% of the volume of the pump is needed. 

To avoid possible damage to the water system, do not allow the incoming water pressure from a hydrant to drop below
         PSI. In rare instances, you may go below        PSI, but never allow the intake to drop below        . 

The Best Hydrants are found on                 grid patterns.
The Worst Hydrants are Single Main,                Hydrants. 

When using 2 1/2" or 3" hoselines to supply the pumper directly off the hydrant pressure, it is recommended the lines be no longer than          feet. 

Reverse Lay - Fire to water source,          coupling comes off first. Best for drafting and supplementing hydrant pressure. Used when the first arriving pumper must                
                    . 

When opening a fire hydrant, open the hydrant all the way then close the hydrant       turn to relieve strain on the valve stem and internal components. 

When a pumper is connected to a hydrant and is not discharging water, the pressure shown on the intake gauge is the            pressure. When the pumper is discharging water the intake gauge is the              pressure. 

Atmospheric Pressure at sea level is         PSI. Pressure decreases        PSI for every 1,000 feet of elevation gained. 

The maximum amount of vacuum that most fire pumps can develop is      " of Mercury. 

1 Foot of lift =         inches of Mercury
Max Theoretical Lift =             feet
Required vacuum for a primer =         inches of Mercury

The first consideration for Drafting is                                 

The most important factor in Draft Site Selection is the           
             

      feet of water is recommended to be kept around a barrel strainer at all times. 

Low level strainers can draft to a depth of       inches. 

The most common and most damaging type of contamination in drafting water is                        water. Sulfur water is common in the vicinity of                  . 

All fire pumps meeting NFPA and UL requirements are rated to pump their capacity at       feet of lift through        feet of intake hose. 

A good pumper can lift water approximately       or        feet. 

For effective operation, the max lift considered reasonable for most pumpers is about       feet. At       feet of lift, the amount of water that can be supplied is only about 60% of the rated capacity of the pump. 

Pump Capacity ratings are based on       feet of lift.

2 stage pumps should be set in the                     mode during drafting. 

The entire priming action typically takes between      -       seconds from start to finish. If a prime has not been achieved in       seconds, stop and check for problems. The most common problem is an Air Leak (open drains and valves)

After the pump has been successfully primed, increase the throttle until pressure reads       -        PSI, when opening discharges do not let the pressure drop below       PSI. 

The most common problem while operating from a draft is 
                                          . 

Blockages typically develop at the           , after the pump has been operating satisfactorily for a period of time. 

After a drafting operation, run the primer until                    comes out of the priming pump. This lubricates and preserves the primer parts. 

When connecting to a sprinkler/standpipe, if there is any indication of an actual fire, a minimum of     " to       " hoselines should be connected to the FDC. 

It is a general rule of thumb that 1 - 1,000 GPM pumper can supply the FDC for every       sprinklers that are estimated to be flowing. 

A general rule of thumb pressure for pumping a sprinkler FDC         PSI.

At sea level, a pump can theoretically lift water          feet. 

               - The Max Height any amount of water may be raised through hard intake hose. In most circumstances,                        is no more than 25 feet. 

                   - Height water may be lifted in sufficient quantity to provide a reliable flow. Every fire pump should have a                  of 14.7 feet. 

All Fire Department pumpers are rated to draft from a height of       feet, through       feet of intake hose. 

When evaluating a natural static water supply source, there are 2 primary factors that must be considered:                   , 
                .

The rule of thumb for evaulating a pond or small lake, is that for every          of depth, for an area of one         , provides 
          GPM for 5 hours. 

2 common causes for ground thawing are:                      , 
and                                              .

Low Level Strainers can draft water to a depth of     -    inches. 

Floating Strainers allow safe drafting to a depth of           . 

The Source Pumper (aka -           Pumper) - is the first pumper in a relay and should have the                                 
of the pumpers in the realy. 

Hose Tenders can carry a        or more of LDH

Intake Pressure Relief Valves - (aka        Relief Valves) - Should be set to          PSI over the static water pressure from the hydrant, or          PSI over the discharge pressure of the previous pumper in the relay. *There are 2 types of these devices: external add-on, and manifold relief valves provided by manufacturer

If an LDH Relay Pumping operation is intended to support more than one attack pumper at the fire scene, a                  
              may be used to break down the LDH into 2 or more hoselines that may be then connected to the attack pumpers. 

All FD pumpers are rated to pump their Max Volume Capacity at a NPDP of         PSI at a draft. 

When pumping max rated capacity from a static water source, if the pump operates at a pressure higher than       PSI, the volume capability of the pumper is reduced proportionally. 

All FD pumpers are rated to flow their Max Volume at 150 PSI, 70% of max volume at      PSI, and 50% of max volume at        PSI.

The Constant Pressure Relay Method - provides the Maximum flow available for a relay by using the constant pressure of      PSI.
Advantages inclue: quick activation, no calculations, reduced communication

When operating a Constant Pressure Relay using the newest pressure governors, the attack pumper should be in "         " mode, while all others in the relay should be in "        " mode. 

In a relay, if the attack pumper is equipped with a readily adjustible intake relief valve, set it between       and        PSI.