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NUCLEUS
A structure found in all eukaryotic cells. Contains genetic information: DNA and RNA.
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CYTOPLASM
Portion of the cell contained within the cell membrane, excluding the nucleus (jellylike)
Organelles in the cytoplasm carry out important functions of the cell
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SOMATIC CELLS
Components of body tissues; all cells in the body except for sex cells
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GAMETES ( OR SEX CELLS)
- Ova: egg cells produced in female
- ovaries.
Sperm: sex cells produced in male testes.
- (Somatic cells and gametes undergo different processes of cell
- division.)
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STEM CELLS
Undifferentiated cells in an embryo – totipotent: they can become any type of somatic cell
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DNA
Double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic code, permanently remains in nucleus. CANNOT LEAVE THE NUCLEUS!
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RNA
Single-stranded molecule, similar in structure to DNA but uses a different sugar and the base uracil in place of thymine. Can exit the nucleus.
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MITOCHONDRIA
Structures contained within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that convert energy, derived from nutrients, into a form that is used by the cell (have own mtDNA) / the powerhouses
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RIBOSOMES
Structures composed of a specialized form of RNA and protein, The site of protein synthesis! (little factories)
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CHROMOSOME
- Tightly wound and condensed DNA along with
- some supporting proteins (300-2000 genes on each chromosome)
Humans have 23 different chromosomes.
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