Med Chem 2

  1. What are some direct irritants to the GI tract?
    • Potassium supps
    • bisphosphonates
    • NSAIDs
  2. What are some drugs that lower esophageal sphincter tone and cause GERD?
    • calcium channel blockers
    • theophylline
    • anti-cholinergics
    • codeine
    • narcotics
    • beta agonists
    • estrogen 
    • progesterone
  3. What type of bacteria is H. pylori?
    gram (-) rod
  4. What is the hallmark test to see if you have an H. pylori infection?
    • Urea test
    • labeled carbon 13 or 14 
  5. Explain the urea test.
    • H. pylori produces a urease enzyme that cleaves urea into CO2 and ammonia
    • the ammonia allows the bacteria to penetrate the protective mucous layer
    • patients eats carbon 13/14 radioactive labeled urea
    • plasma or breath is indication of (+) infection
  6. What is the ultimate mediator of acid secretion?
    H+ K+ ATPase proton pump
  7. Which H2RA increases transaminases (liver enzymes)?
    Nizatidine (Axid)
  8. What is the S enantiomer of omeprazole?
    esomeprazole (Nexium)
  9. Both men and women should take what in addition to a PPI?
    calcium supplements
  10. What is bad about PPIs?
    • decrease bone resorption of calcium by inhibiting the osteoclastic vacuolar H+K+ATPase
    • they make osteoporosis worse because they decrease stomach acid and you need stomach acid to absorb calcium salts: HYPOCHLORHYDRIA
  11. What is the role of prostaglandins?
    increase mucous and bicarbonate
  12. What property of PPIs makes them have a longer duration of action (up to 3 days)?
    highly protein bound 95-98%
  13. What are the two most common side effects of a PPI?
    • headache 
    • diarrhea
  14. Protonix
    Pantoprazole
  15. Aciphex
    Rabeprazole
  16. Prevacid
    Lansoprazole
  17. Dexilant
    Dexlansoprazole
  18. Nexium
    esomeprazole
  19. What would you give to an asian friend who needed a PPI?
    Nexium or Prilosec?
    Nexium
  20. Which H2RA has the most drug interactions and should not be recommended?
    Tagamet (cimetidine)
  21. Pepcid
    Famotidine
  22. Ranitidine
    Zantac
  23. Duexis
    Ibuprofen/famotidine
  24. H2RA MOA
    reversible competitive antagonists at H2 receptors in gastric parietal cells
  25. What is the only PPI that is not indicated for treating a duodenal ulcer?
    Protonix
  26. Which drugs are primarily used to decrease motility by decreasing smooth muscle tone in the GI, biliary and urinary tracts providing anti-secretory effects?
    anticholinergics and antispasmodics (antimuscarinic)
  27. antispasmodics/anticholinergics/antimuscarinic MOA?
    inhibits the action of acetylcholine at the postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites
  28. What will a normal dose of an anticholinergics and a large dose do?
    • normal: muscarinic receptor antagonists
    • high: blocks nicotinic sites
  29. Name the belladonna alkaloids.
    • L-Hyoscyamine
    • Atropine sulfate
    • scopolamine hydrobromide
  30. Name the quaternary anticholinergics.
    • methscopolamine bromide
    • clininium bromide 
    • mepenzolate
    • glycopyrrolate
    • methantheline
    • propantheline
    • tridihexyl Cl
  31. antispasmodic used to treat functional bowel/IBS?
    Dicyclomine HCl (Bentyl)
  32. MOA saline laxatives?
    • osmosis caused by the salt anions and cations draws water into the gut lumen resulting in increased intraluminal pressure 
    • leads to increased peristalsis
Author
leo25
ID
168776
Card Set
Med Chem 2
Description
Quiz 1
Updated