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What is a control group in the experiment?
They don't change, they don't know who they are. Give them a placebo (not an actual drug, sugar pills).
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What does the term peer reviewed mean? Why do we care about it?
-People that are researchers or scientist, professionals
-It is essential because it is a study done by qualified professionals not just someone that is random.
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Ethical issues on Research data, if your a researcher and the courts tell you to turn over your research can you claim privledge?
No, you have to be careful of the people rights that you put into your research data.
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Definition of Anonymity
People are kept anonymous, when neither the researchers nor the readers can identify a given response. Ex: Like a mail survey.
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Confidentiality
You know who the person is, when the researcher can identify a given person's responses but promises not to do so publicly. You keep their confidentiality and not go out and talk about their business.
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Why is it important that we know who funds research?
To make sure they aren't bias.
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How do we check if a research is reliable and get the right information?
- Test and retest
- Split test
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Definition of Critical Thinking
Taking all sorts of information without being bias, use sophisticated reasoning.
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Deductive Reasoning
Start with a theory and look for clues
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Inductive Reasoning
Start with the clues and forming a theory
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Paradigm
Your perspective, your view of the world
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Spurious
There is a 3rd variable (explanation)
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Non-Spurious
There is no 3rd variable, your not looking for a 3rd variable
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Empirical Scientific Approach
-accurate observations
-experiment can be repeated by other experts and they can replicate the experiment. They will come up with the same information
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Errors in Logic
- -Overgeneralization
- -Selective Observations- you see what you want to see
- -Anecdotal evidence- a story
- -Bias opinions- prejudice belief
- -Resistance to change: you see it but you don't want to see it
- -Inaccurate observation
- -Adherence to authority
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Descriptive Research
-gathering facts
ex: who are the homeless
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Exploratory Research
What is it like to be you
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Explanatory Research
Why does it happen
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Evaluative Research
evaluating studies that have already been done (study/program)
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Ethical issues in research and how do you address them?
- -No harm to participants
- -No deception? you have to use a bit of deception as long it's not going to put them in danger. Tea room party was way over the top, along with milgram and zimbardo research. Does the ends justify the means
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Can people that are coginitively impaired be able to volunteer for a research?
No
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Report all findings accurately and run it by someone
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Why are some network, internet or news information not accurate sometimes?
They have bias opinions, political, funding bias. Sensational- they just want stories that will sell, so they add some stuff that is not true
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Units of Analysis
- Individuals
- Groups
- Organizations
- Social Interactions
- Social Artifacts
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What makes a good study?
- -Accredited researchers
- -invested interest
- -have a group that is big enough
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