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Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
- planning, concentration and executive function
- mood regulation
-
Orbitofrontal Cortex
- Aids in behavioral inhibition and judgement
- part of dopamine mediated "reward circuit"
- functions as the "filter"
-
Medial Cortex
motor function
-
Damage to Broca's Area
- Non-fluent, "broken" speech
- preserved repetition
- preserved comprehension
-
Damage to Frontal Lobe
- perseveration
- disinhibition
- anger outbursts
- (possibly) the return of primitive sucking and rooting reflexes
-
Damage to Left frontal lobe
depression
-
Damage to right frontal lobe
mania
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Temporal Lobe
- Memory
- Learning
- Auditory Processing
- Emotion
-
Damage to Temporal Lobe
- Memory impairment
- Psychomotor seizures (olfactory hallucinations)
- Inability to understand language (damage to Wernicke's area)
-
Damage to Wernicke's Area
- Speech rhythm sounds like language, but makes no sense
- comprehension impaired
- repetition impaired
-
Parietal Lobe
- Intellecutal function
- sensation
- speech
- movement
-
Damage to Right parietal lobe
- problems with visuospatial processing
- contralateral hemineglect
-
Damage to Left parietal lobe
- Language deficits (cannot process language)
- Gerstmann's syndrome (Can't name fingers, right-left confusion, can't do simple math)
-
Limbic Lobe
Ties memory to emotional states
-
Hippocampus
Memory storage
-
Amygdala
- Assigns emotional relevance to memories
- coordinates somatic response to stress (especially fear, anger, aggression)
-
Damage to Hippocampus
no new memory formation (anterograde amnesia)
-
Damage to Amygdala
- Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
- decreased fear response
- inability to recognize facial and vocal cues of anger in others
-
Basal Ganglia
- Coordination and fine-tuning of motor activity, behavioral motivation, executive function, and emotional expression
- receives input from the cerebral cortex and transfers the information to the frontal lobes via the thalamus
- translates the desire to move into executed movment
-
Damage to substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease
-
Damage to caudate (atrophy)
Huntington's disease
-
Damage to subthalamic nuclei
Hemiballismus
-
Mamillary Bodies
serves in memory formation and storage
-
Damage to Mamillary Bodies
- memory loss
- psychosis
- confabulation
-
Thalamus
- Master relay center between brainstem and higher structures
- Involved with the Reticular Activating System to maintain arousal and consciousness
-
Damage to Thalamus (a small lesion)
loss of consciousness, coma, or persistent vegetative state
-
Hypothalamus
modulates physiologic responses (hormone secretion, circadian rhytms, thirst, etc)
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