APEuro age of revolution

urban working class

old government; term for the government in france before the revolution

• a nickname meaning "without fancy pants"
• term for urban working class

• head tax
• salt tax

term from american politics; it refers to the media

a warehouse

soldiers who man a particular position

french priests who refused to swear loyalty to the state

motto of french revolution

to encourage bad behavior

term for those who had fled revolutionary france

coming out

coming in

the dominant radical revolutionary club in the national convention

the most radical revolutionary faction of the jacobins, led by robespierre

• aka the plain
• the more moderate faction of the jacobin

intense feeling, passion

outside the country

cannons

to cancel after the fact; to make illegitimate

• "acceptable coup"
• a military overthrow of the government

that which you have earned or deserved

all adult males can vote

the right to vote

the right to vote

to give the right to vote

an agreement or treaty

a vote either yes or no

to end all trade with another nation

little war; a war fought with unorthodox, unconventional tactics

russian military technique of burning everything so the enemy cannot use it

the idea of putting back in place the old governments or systems

the principle of putting in power the rightful ruler of parliament

a nation who's government is actually controlled by somebody else

petitions of what the people wanted in the new government

• 1805 off the coast of spain and egypt
• -lord nelson
• ended napoleon's hopes of invading britain

battle of trafalgar

• 1815
• france led by duke wellington
• -france won
• final defeat of napoleon
• afterwards he was exiled to st. helena

• 1805 austria and russia vs. france
• france won

• 1813
• saxony confederation of the rhine

• 1777
• first finance minister was dismissed when he proposed taxation of the nobility

• second finance minister
• proposed taxation of all land-owners including the king

• third finance minister
• agreed with calonne on taxation
• persuaded louis to arrest the leading nobles

• the new national assembly swore an oath to keep meeting until they had written a constitution
• *declaration of the rights of man

• july 14, 1789
• citizens of paris stormed this infamous prison looking for weapons to defend their city against the army

• first constitution of france
• promised the basic rights of
• -free speech
• -religious toleration
• -liberty
• -equality before the law

• 1789
• a mob of angry women marched to versailles, killed guards and forced the royal family to live back at versailles

• edmund burke
• a condemnation of what was happening in france
• -no single generation had the right to destroy the work of all the generations that came before it

• robespierre, danton, marat
• selected by the national convention to run as a virtual dictatorship
• -lead the terror

• a virtual military dictator who sought to keep the good aspects of the revolution but with greater order and stability
• -head of consulate government
• "in any corporal's hand..."

• equality before the law
• -policy of justice where you were guilty until proven innocent

• a failed french attempt at economic warfare with britain
• -all of napoleon's states resisted trade with britain

decrees that stated napoleon's states could not trade with britain

• napoleon's grand armee of 600,000 men advanced
• russian forces used scorched earth and retreated
• napoleon was forced to turn back during the winter

• abbey sieyes
• the third estate is everything.
• revolutionary pamphlet

• 3rd estate demanded "one man, one vote"
• when the estates general took a long time to decide, the third estate proclaimed itself a new parliament

• panic and chaos across the country caused by fear of aristocratic restoration of powers
• -peasants attacked noble estates

• passed by the national assembly to force the clergy to swear loyalty to the state over the church
• = refactory clergy

out of opposition to the situation in france, austria and prussia pledged to attack in their own time to put the king back on the thrown and crush the revolution

• 1st government of napoleon
• -napoleon was part of a group that ran the country but in reality was a military dictator

• treaty with russia (alexander I)
• after battle of friedland in 1807 that kept alexander on the throne

• fransisco goya
• when napoleon tried to go through spain to attack portugal they resisted, aided by the british

• napoleon received the church's blessing as emperor
• in return her recognized the majority of the french were catholic

• olympia de gouges
• first work to argue for the rights of women
• same responsibilities= same rights

• weak but well intentional monarch
• -married to marie antoinette
• hired a series of finance ministers
• eventually influenced by the 2nd and 3rd estates
• guillotined

• final peace settlement after napoleon's defeat
• -quadruple alliance
• (holy alliance)

• seminal year;
• year of revolution

clergy and catholic church, 10% land, no taxes

french aristocrats; 30% land no taxes

the masses of france; 50% land, all taxes

• estates general
• national assembly
• legislative assembly
• first republic
• -national convention 1792
• -committee of public safety 1792-1794
• -directory 1794-1799
• -consulate 1799-1804

• coronation of napoleon by david
• the third of may by goya

• 1807-1814
• napoleon tried to go through spain in order to attack portugal
• spain resisted with the help of britain
• vicious guerilla war

island napoleon was exiled to

• 1815
• when napoleon escaped elba, france quickly rallied around him
• louis XVIII had to flee