-
What are the lobes of the left lung?
- Upper lobe
- (lingula segment)
- Lower lobe
-
What are the lobes of the right lung?
- Upper lobe
- Middle lobe
- Lower lobe
-
How many lobes are in the Left upper lobe and what are they called?
- - 3
- - apical
- - anterior
- - posterior
-
How many lobes are in the lingula segment of the left lung?
-
How many lobes are there in the left lower lobe?
- - 4
- - apical
- - ant
- - post
- - lateral
-
how many lobes are there in the right upper lobe and what are they called?
-
How many lobes are in the right middle lobe and what are they called?
-
How many lobes are in the left lower lobe and what are they called?
- - 5
- - ant
- - post
- - medial
- - lateral
- - apical/ superior
-
Control of breathing compnents
- - medulla controls
- - CO2 levels in blood adjust breathing rate
-
What is hyperventilation
- increase depth and rate of breathing
- - increase minute volume
-
What is minute volume?
co2 = MV= TV (tidal volume) x RR (respiratory rate)
-
What is hypoventilation?
- decrease in depth and breathing rate
- - increases CO2
- - decreases MV
-
What is hyperinflation?
when there is an increase in volumes- residual or function residule vol
-
What is hyperpnoea?
- - increase in tidal volume
- - increase in ventilation due to metabolic need
-
what is tachypnoea?
- - increase RR above 20
- - Normal is 12-16
-
What is bradypnoea?
- - decrease RR
- - less than 10
-
What is apnoea?
- moment stop breathing for more than 10 sec
-
What activates the diaphragm?
-
when we inspire what movements does our ribs do?
- move out and up
-
inspiration
- diaphragm contracts- making it flat = -ve pressure in thoracic cavity (pleural space), transits to alveoli = sucks air in
-
expiration
- passive unless forced- al mm contract and air comes out
-
what is ventilation/ perfusion matching?
the matching of air and blood
-
What are the normal ranges for pH?
7.38-7.42
-
What are the normal ranges for Pao2?
85-100. age related= 105- 1/3 age
-
what is the normal PaCO2?
38-42
-
What are teh normal ranges of base excess?
- - bicarb- basic comp in blood
- -2 to 2
- bicarb increase = increase base excess
-
what is the normal bicarb comp in blood? HCO3
22-26 mg
-
What are the normal ranges for Sa02?
95-100%
-
WHat is hypoxia?
- decrease amount of O2 in blood
-
What is hypoxaemia?
decrease oxygeniation of arterial blood
-
What is hypercapnia?
an increase in CO2 in blood
-
Go over case studies pg 43
-
Descirbe the process of a CP assessment
- - med notes, bed charts
- - talk to nurses
- - plan subjective examination
- - intro
- - subjective ass
- - objective ass
-
Where can you find medical notes?
- - staff
- - bed chart
- - pt notes
- - computer (CXR, Hb, Tests etc)
- - discharge summary, referral from gp, meds
-
What is the normal range for a JVP?
-
What is the normal range for Hb?
-
what is the normal range for WCC?
4-11x 10 to the power of 9/ L
-
What is the normal range of plts?
150-400 x 10 to the power of 9/L
-
What is the normal level of creatine?
60-100u mol/L
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