Ch 2

Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials.

process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy

structure surrounding cell; protection and determines what enters and exits cell

rod-shaped structures that contain DNA called genes. 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell (not including egg or sperm cells)

all material outside nucleas and contained within cell membrane

chemical found in each chromosome; directs activity of a cell

structure(canals) within cytoplasm. makes large proteins smaller; anabolism takes place here.

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

total of the chemical processes in a cell

structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy. Catoblism takes place here.

control center of the cell; contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

collection of fat cells

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.

skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surgaces of organs.

specialist in the study of tissues

"voice box" located at the upper part of the trachea

throat. common passageway for food and air

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

endocirine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

"windpipe" (tube leading to throat to the bronchial tubes)

one of two tubes, each leading from a kidney to the urinary bladder.

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

the womb

internal organs

space below the chest containt organs such as: liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines. Also called Abdomen.

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavaties. Moves up and down and aids in breathing.

pertaining to the back

centrally located space between the lungs

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

double layerd membrane surronding the abdominal organs.

double layered membrane surrounding each lung

space between the pleural membranes

space withing the spinal column (backbones) and containing the psinal cord. also called spinal canal.

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

pertaining to the front

Right and Left upper regions beneath the ribs

middle and upper region above the stomach

Right and left middle regions near the waist

central region around the naval

right and left lower regions near the groin also called iliac regions

middle lower region below the umbilical region

right upper quadrant; contains liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of small and large intestines.

left upper quadrant; contains liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of small and large intestines

right lower quadrant; conrains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary & fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter.

lower left quadrant contains parts of the small and large intestines,left ovary & fallopian tube, and left ureter

neck region: 7 vertebrae

chest region: 12 vertebrae

loin waist region: 5 vertebrae

region of the sacrum; 5 bones fused together to form the sacrum.

region of the coccyx (tailbone) small bone composed of four fused pieces.

single backbone

backbones

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

pad of cartilage between vertebrae.

away from the surface

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

vertical plane dividing body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

pertaining to the side

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.

lying on the belly (face down,palms down)

near the point of attachment to trunk or near the beginning of a structure.

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

on the surface

above another structure; pertaining to the head.

lying on your back; face up palms up

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

abdomen

abdominal- pertaining to the abdomen (region below the chest contianing internal organs)

fat

adipose- pertaining to or full of fat

front

anterior- pertaining to the front

to cast (throw)

anabolism- cellular process in which proteins are built up

neck (of the body or of the uterus)

cervical- pertaining to the neck of the body or neck of the uterus.

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

chondroma- benign tumor of the cartilage

color

chromosomes- these nuclear structures absorb the color of dyes  used to stain the cell. Literally "bodies of color"

coccyx(tailbone)

coccygeal- pertaining to the coccyx

skull

craniotomy- incision of the skull

cell

cytoplasm- formation of a cell (all material outside nucleas and within cell membrane)

far, distant

distal- far from the point of attachment to trunk or from beggining of structure

back portion of the body

dorsal- pertaining to the back side of body

tissue

histology- the study of tissue

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

iliac- pertaining to the upper part of the hip bone

groin

inguinal- pertaining to the groin

nucleus

karyotype- classification of the nucleus

side

lateral- pertaining to the side

lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)

lumbosacral- pertaining to the lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum.

middle

medial- pertaining to the middle of the body

nucleus

nucleic- pertaining to the nucleus

pelvis, hip region

pelvic- pertaining to the pelvis or hip region

back, behind

posterior- pertaining to the back side of the body, or behind another object

nearest

proximal- pertaining to the nearest point of attachment to the trunk or beginning of a structure.

sacrum

sacral- pertaining to the sacrum

flesh

sarcoma- cancerous tumor of fleshy connective tissue (muscle bone and fat)

spine, backbone

spinal- pertaining to the spine

nipple

epithelial cell- cell that lies on body surfaces, externally and internally (orginally identified in the skin of the nipples)

chest

• thoracic- pertaining to the chest
• thoracotomy- incision of the chest.

trachea, windpipe

tracheal- pertaining to the trachea

navel, umbilicus

umbilical- pertaining to the navel

belly side of the body

ventral- pertaining to the belly side of the body

verterbra(e), backbone(s)

vertebral- pertaining to the verterbrae or backbone

internal organs

visceral- pertaining to the internal organs

up

anabolic- pertaining to the process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials.

down

catabolism- cellular process of breaking down foods to release energy

above

epigastric- pertaining to above the stomach

below

hypochondriac region- upper region below the cartilage of the ribs

between

intervertabral- pertaining to between vertebrae. (disks are intevertabral)

change

metabolism- literally "to cast a change", meaning chemical changes that occur in a cell

pertaining to

pertaining to; full of

formation

bodies

picture, classification