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proposes that underlying psychological factors cause symptoms and other behavior.
psychic determinism
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father of psychoanalysis
Freud
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form of neurosis in which psychological conflicts are expressed in physical symptoms (blindness, deafness, mutism, paralysis, tics)
conversion hysteria
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Extreme form of mental disorder
irrationality of the unconscious, hallucinations.
psychosis
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"The royal road to the unconscious"
Usually, disguises the fulfillment of a repressed wish.
Dreams
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the surface meaning of a dream. (Recalled story)
manifest content
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The hidden, unconscious meaning of a dream (interpretation)
Latent content
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Plasure principle: basic drives and sexual desires.
(unconscious)
ID
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The reality principle, structure of personality
that is the internal voice of parental and societal restrictions
Conscious but much of it remains unconscious
Superego
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the most mature structure of personality; mediates intrapsychic conflict and copes with the external world.
Ego
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repression requires energy, and the more energy tied up in the conflict, the less energy is available for dealing with current
reality.
Energy hypothesis
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a person thinks or behaves in a manner oppositve to the unacceptable unconscious impulse
reaction formation
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defense mechanism: not acknowledging painful aspects of reality (repression)
denial
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people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
projection
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Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
Displacement
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Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions.
Rationalization
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Finding a socially acceptable aim and object for the expression of an unacceptable impulse
Sublimation
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experiences of which a person is aware, including memories and intentional actions
the conscious
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some material that is not in awareness at a particular time can be brought to awareness readily.
Includes info that is not at the moment being
thought about but can easily be remembered if needed.
The preconscious
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mental processes of which a person is not aware.
Such material remains in the unconscious because
making it conscious would produce too much anxiety.
The unconscious
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everything of which we are unaware (breathing, walking)
nonconcious
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Highly suggestible state, often called a trance
hypnosis
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____lose touch with reality and experience the unconscious in raw form through hallucinations, seeing and hearing things that are not actually present.
Psychotics
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the coding process which has produced the dream.
Dream work
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a psychologically motivated error in speech, hearing or behavior
(a misstatement or slip of the tongue)
Parapraxes (Freudian Slip)
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safe expression of repressed conflict, deriving its pleasure from the release of tension through a joke.
humor
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2 or more images are combined to form an image that merges the meanings and impulses of both.
Condensation
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a test that presents ambiguous stimuli such as inkblots or pictures so responses will be determined by the test taker’s unconscious.
Projective tests
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mechanism for removing unpleasant thoughts, including unacceptable impulses, from consciousness.
Repression
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people seek pleasure and avoid pain
Hedonic Hypotheis
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psychic energy, derived from sexuality
libido
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the death instinct
thanatos
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investment of psychic energy in an object
cathexis
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unconscious mental functioning in which the id predominates; characterized by illogical, symbolic thought.
Primary process
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conscious mental functioning in which the ego predominates; characterized by logical thought.
Secondary process
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conflict within the personality, as between id desires and superego restrictions.
Intrapsychic conflict
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signals that id impulses may break through (overcome repression) and be expressed.
neurotic anxiety
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indicates feat that one's own superego will respond with guilt.
moral anxiety
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indicates that the external world threatens real danger.
reality anxiety
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defense mech. in which a person fuses or models after another person
identification
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defense mech. in which conflictual material is kept disconnected from other thoughts
isolation
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defense mech. in which a person focuses on thinking and avoids feeling
intellectualization
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Focuses on punishment for masturbation and child’s
complex fantasy of a sexual union with the opposite sex parent.
ages 3-5
Phallic stage
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Birth to age 1
feeding/ weaning
Oral stage
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ages 1-3
controlling bowels/ toilet training
anal stage
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5yrs to puberty
latency stage
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puberty to adulthood
genital stage
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failure to develop normally through a particular developmental stage
fixation
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male conflict involving sexual love for the mother and aggressive rivalry w/ the father.
Oedipus conflict
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fear that motivates male development (that his penis will be cut off) at age 3-5
Castration anxiety
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presented stimuli with a tachistoscope. This device allows very brief presentations of stimuli. Subjects reported that they could see only brief flickers of light. Although they could not consciously identify the subliminal messages, they were influenced by them.
subliminal psychodynamic activaiton
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the patient says whatever comes to mind, permitting unconscious connections to be discovered
free association
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Therapeutic effect of a release of emotion when previously repressed material is made conscious
Catharsis
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Conscious recognition of one’s motivation and
unconscious conflicts
insight
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in therapy, the patient’s displacement onto the therapist of feelings based on earlier experiences
Transference
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the analyst’s reaction to the patient, as distorted by unresolved conflicts.
Countertransference
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controversial technique that may result in false memories.
Recovered memory controversy
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