-
-
there is usually a ----- to the solubility of one substance in another
limit
-
gases are --------- soluble in each other
always
-
two liquids that are mutually soluble are said to be --------
- miscible
- alcohol and water are miscible
- oil and water are immiscible
-
the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent is called the
solubility
-
the solubility of one substance in another varies with
temperature and pressure
-
When a solute dissolves in a solvent, solute-solute interactions and solvent-solvent interactions are being replaced with-----------. The forces must be----------- in order to have a solution occur.
- solute-solvent interactions
- comparable in strength
-
Substances with --------- types of intermolecular forces dissolve in each other.
- similar
- like dissolves like
-
Predict which solvent will dissolve more of the given solute
(a) Sodium chloride in methanol (CH3OH) or in propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH)
(a) Methanol - NaCl is ionic and will form ion-dipoles with the -OH groups of both methanol and propanol. However, propanol is subject to the dispersion forces to a greater extent.
-
Predict which solvent will dissolve more of the given solute
-
Predict which solvent will dissolve more of the given solute
-
-
Solvation of ions by water - endo or exo?
always exothermic
-
Delta H hydr is related to the charge density of the ion, that is, -------- and ------- matter.
coulombic charge and size
-
Lattice energy is the DH involved in the formation of
an ionic solid from its gaseous ions.
-
Most hydrocarbons are polar/nonpolar
nonpolar
-
Are gases very soluble in water,
no
-
The solubility of a gas (Sgas) is directly proportional to the
partial pressure of the gas (Pgas) above the solution.
-
the solubility of a gas (Sgas) is directly proportional to its partial pressure, (Pgas)
Sgas = kHPgas
kH is called
Henry’s Law Constant
-
Molarity (M)
mol of solute/L of solution
-
Molaity (m)
mol of solute/kg of solvent
-
parts by mass
mass of solute/mass of solution
-
To convert a term based on mass to one based on volume, you need the ---------- Working with the mass of a solution and the density (mass/volume), you can obtain volume from mass and
- solution density.
- mass from volume
-
Molality involves quantity of ---------, whereas the other concentration terms involve quantity of ------------
-
Ice is more/less dense than water
less
-
Remember the freezing point will likely
be
negative
-
Osmotic pressure
the symbol is pie, learn the equation
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