day one: BIOPSYCH

1) Central nervous system

2) Peripheral nervous system

located within the skull and spine

located outside the skull and spine

somatic and autonomic

-carries info about EXTERNAL environment to central nervous system

• -sends info from CNS to "effectors" that can act on ext. environment
• ex) swatting a fly

-regulates the body's internal environment

-ANS carries info from organs to glands to CNS

• - ANS carries info from CNS to internal organs and glands like liver  or heart
• ex) contricting or dilating blood vessells

sympathetic and parasympathetic

-both oppose one another

fight or flight

rest and disgest

ex) brings back the body to homestasis

-effectors are skeletal muscles

-pass along information from the senses

-effectors are glands and internal organs

-pass along information from the body (how full the stomach is)

protected

• 1. Dura mater
• 2. arachnoid membrane
• *vessel and fluid filled sub-arachnoid space
• 3. Pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid

-fills sub-arachnoid space

• -fills spaces within the brain and spinal cord
• *called ventricles in brain and central canal in spinal chord

-all inter-connected

• -produce by choroid plexus
• *network of capillaires (small blood vesseles in ventricles)

-endothelial cells form tight junctions to prevent chemical exchanges with the brain

-INSIDE the brain, ASTROCYTES guard against harmful chemicals entering the brain.

- Dendrites= branches

- soma= cell body

- axon= long tubes

specialized to receive and pass electrical signals

-release chemicals called neurotransmitters

buton

synapse

• 1) multipolar
• 2) unipolar
• 3) bipolar
• 4) interneurons

neuron with more than two processes extending from its cell body.

neuron with one process extending from its cell body

2 processes extending from its cell body

• their function is to integrate the neural activity within a single brain structure.
•           *not to conduct signals from one structure to another

-receive butons

-space between buton and dendrite is called synapse

-more numerous in the nervous system than neurons

-variety of glial cells that perform many different functions

oligodendrocytes and schwann cells

-located in CNS

- responsible for providing the myelin sheath around the axons of neurons

-located in PNS


-responsible for providing the myelin sheath around the axons of neurons

nodes of ranvier

-are important for electrical signaling of neurons.

• autoimmune disease that attacks the preipheral nervous system and myelin specifically
• - result nerves do not work properly and results in paralysis

impregnates nervous system tissue with silver nitrate

*only impregnates a few neurons, but fully impregnates them revealing their entire structure

-provide strutural support

- can absorb toxins and other chemicals form the space between neurons

• -processes cover outer surface of blood vessels and cell bodies
• *regulates flow of chemicals between vessels and neurons
• *form part of blood brain barrier