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Define social epidemiology and its role in society.
- Social Epidemiology is the study of the causes and distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population.
- The field of social epidemiology attempts to answer questions such as these.
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Define health, health care and medicine and explain the importance of these issues for individuals and the whole of society.
- Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
- Health Care is any activity intended to improve health.
- Medicine is an institutional system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness.
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Describe the key events and ideas associated with the rise of scientific medicine and professionalism.
- The Flexner Report - a model of how medical education should take place - school should be full-time, research-oriented, laboratory facility that devoted all of its energies to teaching and research, not to the practice of medicine.
- Scientific discoveries - anesthesiology and bacteriology
- The Professionalization of Medicine - (1) abstract, specialized knowledge, (2) autonomy, (3) Self-regulation, (4) authority, and (5) altruism.
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Summarize three major social implications of advanced medical technology.
- 1) The new technologies create options for people and for society, but options that alter human relationships.
- 2) The new technologies increase the cost of medical care.
- 3) The new technologies raise provocative questions about the very nature of life.
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Classify four methods of paying for health care and controlling health care costs in the U.S.
- 1) Private Health Insurance (most don't have today - too expensive)
- Public health insurance (Medicaid/medicare)
- 2) HMO Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) are companies that provide, for a set monthly fee, total care with an emphasis on prevention to avoid costly treatment later.
- 3) Managed Care is any system of cost containment that closely monitors and controls health care providers: decisions about medical procedures, diagnostic tests, and other services that should be provided to patients.
- 4) Underinsured/uninsured
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Describe the relationships of race, class, gender and mental disorders.
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Compare health in a global perspective to health in the U.S.
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Compare and contrast how age, sex, race/ethnicity and social class affect health and mortality.
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Explain how lifestyle choices affect health, disease, and impairment.
- 1) Drug use - therapeutic, recreational, and abuse (alcohol, nicotine, and illegal drugs)
- 2) Sexual activity - leads to STDs
- 3) diet and exercise
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Compare and contrast holistic medicine and alternative medicine with traditional, or orthodox medical treatment.
- Holistic Medicine is an approach to health care that focuses on prevention of illness and disease and is aimed at treating the whole person - body and mind - rather than just the part or parts in which symptoms occur.
- Alternative Medicine is the healing practices inconsistent with dominant medical practice.
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Distinguish between health care in the U.S. to that of other countries.
- Canada - taxes and insurance premiums (government don't own hospitals - private own - doctors independent contractors not gov officials)
- Britain - gov owned hospitals and doctors
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Critique inequalities related to disability.
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Evaluate the impact of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination on persons with disabilities.
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Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
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Health Care
Any activity intended to improve health.
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Medicine
An institutional system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness.
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Life Expectancy
An estimate of the average lifetime of people born in a specific year.
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Infant Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.
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Social Epidemiology
The study of the causes and distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population.
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Chronic Diseases
Illnesses that are long term or life-long and that develop gradually or are present from birth.
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Acute Diseases
Illnesses that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death.
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Drug
Any substance - other than food and water - that, when taken in to the body, alters its functioning in some way.
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Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
Companies that provide, for a set monthly fee, total care with an emphasis on prevention to avoid costly treatment later.
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Managed Care
Any system of cost containment that closely monitors and controls health care providers� decisions about medical procedures, diagnostic tests, and other services that should be provided to patients.
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Universal Health Care
A health care system in which all citizens receive medical services paid for by tax revenues.
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Socialized Medicine
A health care system in which the government owns the medical care facilities and employs the physicians.
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Holistic Medicine
An approach to health care that focuses on prevention of illness and disease and is aimed at treating the whole person - body and mind - rather than just the part or parts in which symptoms occur.
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Sick role
The set of patterned expectations that defines the norms and values appropriate for individuals who are sick and for those who interact with them.
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Medical-Industrial Complex
Local physicians, local hospitals, and global health-related industries such as insurance companies and pharmaceutical and medical supply companies that deliver health care today.
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Medicalization
The process whereby nonmedical problems become defined and treated as illnesses or disorders.
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Demedicalization
The process whereby a problem ceases to be defined as an illness or a disorder.
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Deinstitutionalization
The practice of rapidly discharging patients from mental hospitals into the community.
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Disability
A reduced ability to perform tasks one would normally do at a given stage of life and that may result in stigmatization or discrimination against the person with disabilities.
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