BIO 100 Final

1. Most plants are ______, meaning that they are able to
manufacture their nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

Which group is a probably immediate ancestor of the plants?

The first plants probably arose in the ______ period, about
_______ million years ago.

What are innovations that permit plants to live on land?

Devonian innovations in the plant body include:

The plant innovation that provides protection of
the sexual parts, attraction of pollinators, and the dispersal of the seeds is
the:

7. What is the correct order of events in the
general plant life cycle?

Match the divisions of plants with their plants.

In the plant life cycle, the gametophyte phase
passes into the sporophyte phase through the process of ______.

10. In the plant life cycle the sporophyte phase passes into
the gametophyte phase through the process of ______.

11. In the evolutionary history of the Plant Kingdom there
is a _______ of the gametophyte generation as compared to the sporophyte
generation.

12. What division of plants is characterized by having a
ribbon-like thallus and gemmae?

13. What division of plants is characterized by having
spores that are produced in a sporangium in a sorus?

What division of plants is characterized by
having seeds?

15. What division of plants is characterized by having
enations and syngangia?

16. What divisions of plants are characterized by have
macrophylls?

17. What division of plants is characterized by having a
strobilus?

18. What division of plants is characterized by having
pollen?

19. What division of plants is characterized by having
vascular bundles arranged in a concentric ring?

20. What division of plants is characterized by having
flower parts in multiples of three?

21. What are four characteristics shared by all animals?

22. What group is the probable immediate ancestor of the
animals?

23. The term invertebrate means:

24. Place tissue, organ and cell is order of increasing
level of organization.

25. The kind of symmetry described as "multiple planes
of symmetry as in a star-shape, found in lower animals, generally in sessile
organisms" is called:

26. The kind of body plan that is described as "one
opening for food ingestion and a separate opening for waste disposal" is
called:

27. A cavity in the body that is completely surrounded by
mesoderm tissue is called a:

28. A division of the body of an animal into more-or-less
discrete units that may be specialized for distinct functions is an example of:

29-30. Match the phylum's with their animals.

29-30. Match the phylum's with their animals.

31. What phylum of animals is characterized by having
choanocytes, spicules, and an osculum?

32. What phylum of animals is characterized by having
nematocyts and mesoglea?

33. What phylum of animals is characterized by having a
scolex and proglottids?

34. What phylum of animals is characterized by having a
dorso-ventrally flattened body and a ladder-like nerve system?

35. What phylum of animals is characterized by having a
pseudocoelom?

36. What phylum of animals is characterized by having a
crown of cilia that resemble a wheel?

37. What phylum of animals is characterized by containing
the tapeworms and flukes?

38. What phylum of animals is characterized by containing
the pinworms and heartworms?

39. What phylum of animals is characterized by having a tube
type body plan?

40. What phylum of animals is characterized by having a
polyp and medusa stage?

41. What phylum have no germ layers?

42. Which phylum have a true coelom?

43. Which phylum have protostomic development?

44. What are characteristics of protostomic development?

45. What kind of coelom development is described as:
"mesoderm tissue arises as a pair of pouches that form from the endodermal
tissue of the gut lining"?

46. What phylum has a body plan that consists of visceral
mass, a mantle and a foot?

47. Bivalves, cephalopods, and gastropods belong to which
phylum?

48. To which major group of animals do the squid, octopus,
cuttlefish, and nautilus belong?

49. The bristles on polychaete worms are used primarily for
_______.

50. Nephridia are used for ________.

51. In which phylum do we find external parasites that feed
on blood that is obtained from their host through suckers?

52. The word "anthropoda" actually means _______.

53. What are the main body segments of an arthropod?

54. The nitrogenous polysaccharide that forms the outer
skeleton of arthropods is called ______.

55. What structures of the head of an insect assist it in
feeding?

56. In crustaceans the two anterior body parts are fused
together to form the _______.

57. If you want to drown an insect, what portion of its body
would you place under water?

58. What specialized structures are present in the bodies of
insects that allow it to dispose of nitrogenous waste materials?

59. Some insects undergo a radical change during their life
cycle called _______ in which they pass from the feeding stage to the
reproductive stage.

60. In spiders and scorpions the first pair of appendages
that are enlarged for feeding are called:

61. Which phyluma have deuterostomic development?

62. What are characteristic of deuterostomic development?

63. What kind of coelom development is described as:
"Mesoderm tissue arises as a pair of pouches that form from the endodermal
tissue of the gut lining."?

64. Which phylum has an endoskeleton of calcium-rich
spine-bearing plates?

65. What are the Classes in the Phylum Echinodermata?

66. To which Class does the common sea star belong?

67. To which Class does the common spiny sea urchin belong?

68. What structure is described as a rod of supporting
tissue located near the dorsal side of the organism?

69. What chordate structure eventually produces gills?

70. What chordate structure is described as an extension of
the notochord past the anus containing the connective tissue of the notochord,
muscle tissue, nerve tissue and a covering of epithelium?

71. What are the subphyla of the Phylum Chordata?

72. Which subphyla of the Phylum Chordata possesses the four
chordate characteristics in both the larval and adult stages, and does not have
a bony covering over the nerve cord?

73. Which subphyla of the Phylum Chordata possesses the four
chordate characteristics in only the larval stage, and does not have a bony
covering over the nerve cord?

74. Which subphyla of the Phylum Chordata has a bony
covering over the nerve cord?

75. What characteristic is described as a collection of
nerve tissue in the head region of an organism?

76. Which class of vertebrates contains the extinct,
jawless, finless, armored fish?

77. Which class of vertebrates contains the sharks and
stingrays?

78. Which class of vertebrates contains the birds?

79. Which classes of vertebrates contains animals that lay
eggs on land?

80. Which classes of vertebrates contain animals that are
endothermic?

81. What term refers to all organisms of the same species in
a given area?

82. What term refers to all populations in a given area?

83. What term refers to the place where an organism lives?

84. What are the three population distribution types?

85. What population distribution type is the most common in
nature?

86. What is the computation for the intrinsic rate of
increase?

87. If the birth rate of a population is 20 per 100 per
year, and the death rate is 16 per 100 per year, what is the intrinsic rate of
increase of the population?

88. The maximum population growth that can occur under ideal
circumstances is a population's:

89. Given ideal conditions and sufficient time, a population
will experience ______, and produce a very large number of individuals.

90. During an exponential growth cycle of a population,
which phase is characterized by having relatively few members of individuals
and is early in the cycle?

91. What factor prevents an exponentially increasing
population from continuing to increase indefinitely?

92. What are factors contributing to environmental
resistance?

93. The maximum number of individuals of a species that a
given habitat can support is a population's:

94. A habitat's carrying capacity can:

95. What is an example of a density-independent limiting
factor on a population?

96. What are examples of density-dependent limiting factors
on a population?

97. What type of survivorship curve does the human
population have?

98. Which type of survivorship curve is characterized by
having a high birth rate and a large number of individuals that die soon after
birth?

99. The survivorship curve for a population of elephants
would most closely resemble that of a population of:

100. What are examples of countries that have a stabilized
age structure diagram?

101. What is the definition of community?

102. The relative abundance of individuals of each species
in the community is called:

103. The ecological range over which a species is able to
survive is called an:

104. Which community composition model and ecologist match
the following description? "Species in a community are present primarily
because of a dependence on other species, and abiotic factors in their
environment are of secondary importance. The same species will occur together
in communities and have distinct boundaries."

105. Which community composition model and ecologist match
the following description? "Species in a community are present primarily
because their abiotic requirements are met, and interactions with other species
are of secondary importance. Different species will have their own distinct
distribution patterns. Boundaries between communities will not be
distinct."

106. The Island Biogeography Model states that a ______
island ______ the mainland is likely to have greater species diversity.

107. The Island Biogeography Model can also be applied to:

108. What is the name of the model that states that the
number of suitable habitats can be increased without requiring an increase in
the overall area?

109. The number of suitable habitats can be increased
without requiring an increase in the overall area by the process of _______.

110. What are examples of species interactions?

111. The principle that states that no two species can
occupy the same niche at the same time is called the:

112. Even though different species have the same niche
preferences, they are able to coexist because they have divided the habitat's
resources among them. This is called:

113. An alteration in the physical or behavioral characteristics
of individuals in the populations when compared to individuals living apart
from each other is an example of:

114. Some species that do not have an antipredator defense
mechanism possess a similar appearance to another species that does have an
antipredator defense mechanism. This is called:

115. What Kingdoms contain parasites?

116. A corn field that remains unplanted and undisturbed
will become revegetated through the process of:

117. What are the three characteristics of community
stability?

118. Predators that regulate competition and maintain the
species diversity of a community are called:

119. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that in
order to maintain optimal species diversity in a community there needs to be:

120. Introducing natural predators to control the spread of exotic
species is called:

121. The region of the earth, both terrestrial and aquatic,
where living organisms are found is called:

122. A region that includes all of the populations of
organisms in a specific area, along with their non-living environmental
components is called:

123. The process of solar energy being absorbed by a body of
land or water is called:

124. What factors determine the amount of solar energy
absorbed by different land masses on the earth?

125. What are the great gyres of air currents?

126. As air currents are forced to higher elevation because
of topography, they are cooled and lose moisture. This is called:

127. The distribution of biomes is primarily based on:

128. Biome boundaries are not distinct, but grade into each
other in regions called:

129. Soil types are classified based on percent composition
of:

130. What are the terrestrial biomes?

131. In which one of the earth's biomes would you expect to
find permafrost?

132. In which one of the earth's biomes would you expect to
find phytoplankton in a eutrophic epilimnion?

133. In which one of the earth's biomes would you expect to
find chemosynthetic bacteria surrounding hydrothermal vents?

134. In which one of earth's biomes would you expect to find
epiphytes and lianas?

135. In which one of earth's biomes would you expect to find
a well-developed understory and prevernal flora?

136. In which of earth's biome types would you place the
prairies of North American, the Pampas of South America, and the savannahs of
Africa?

137. Which of earth's biome types is characterized by
periodic flooding during high tide and exposure to air and sun during low tide?

138. What kind of biome would you expect to find
in a fjord?

139. What kind of biome would you expect to find in coastal
areas of western North and South America, around the Mediterranean Sea, western
Australia, and the cape of South Africa?

140. What kind of biome would you expect to find in eastern
North America, Europe, and eastern Asia?