100 Dental Assisting. Test #1

• (American Dental Association)
• -Professional organization for dentists.
• -Periodically updates infection control recommendations as new scientific info becomes available.

• (American Dental Assistant Association)
• -Professional organization for dental assistants in the United States.
• -Oldest and largest group that represents professional dental assistants.

• (American Dental Hygenist Association)
• -Professional organization for dental hygenists.

• (Canada Dental Assistant Association)
• -Professional organization for dental assistants in Canada.

• (Center for Disease Control)
• -Federal agency that is nonregulatory and issues recommendations on health and safety.

• (Environmental Protection Agency)
• -Federal regulatory agency whose responaibility is to protect and restore the environment and public health through environmental laws.
• -Chemical and disposal of trash.

• (Food and Drug Administration)
• -Federal regulatory agency that regulates food, drugs, medical devices, animal feed and drugs, cosmetics, and radiation-emitting products like cell phones, lasers, and microwaves.

• (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
• -Federal agency that is nonregulatory and provides national and worldwide leadership to prevent work related illnesses and injuries.
• -Research and recommendations.

• (National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research)
• -Federal agency whose mission is to improve oral, dental, and craniofacial health through research, research training, and dissemination of health information.
• -New diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.

• (National Institute of Health)
• -One of the world's foremost research centers.

• (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
• -Regulatory agency whose mission is to ensure the safety and health of American workers by setting and enforcing standards

• (Organization for Safety, Asepsis and Prevention)
• -The premier infection control agency in the US.
• -Non-profit org. conposed of dentists, dental assistants, dental hygenists, etc.
• -Excellent resource for info on infection control, injury prevention, and occupational issues.

• (Public Health Agency of Canada)
• -The main federal agency responsible for public health in Canada.
• -Supports research and staff in Canada.

-High levels of exposure over a short period.

-Comprehensive list of every product used in the office that contains chemicals.

-Repeated low levels of exposure that happen over a long period of time.

-Items such as gloves and patient napkins that may contain potentially infectious body fluids of patients.

-Occupational Safety and Heath Administration (OSHA) standard regarding employees' "right to know" about chemicals in the workplace.

-Waste that poses a risk to humans or the environment.

• -Waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease.
• -Sharps.

• (Materials Safety Data Sheet)
• -Form that provides health and safety information regarding materials that contain chemicals.

-Infectious waste that requires special handling, neutralization, and disposal.

-Waste that can have a poisonous effect.

• 1.) Inhalation- of gases, vapors, or dusts of chemicals can cause direct damage to the lungs or sent to other parts of the body.
• 2.) Skin- absorbed through the skin.
• 3.) Ingestion- eating lunch in an area in which chemicals are used or eating with hands that are contaminated with chemicals.

• 1.) Acute- High exposure over short amounth of time.
• 2.) Chronic- Repeated small exposure over long periods of time.

• 1.) Hand Protection- gloves.
• 2.) Eye Protection- glasses.
• 3.) Protective Clothing- scrubs
• 4.) Inhalation Protection- face mask
• 5.) Control of chemical spills- use MSDS
• 6.) Eye wash station
• 7.) Proper ventilation in building
• 8.) Storing chemicals- use labels and MSDS
• 9.) Disposal of empty containers- use MSDS
• 10.) Hazardous waste disposal- flammable, corrosive, reactive, toxic, EPA listed.

• -OSHA issued to require employers to inform their employees about the idenity and hazards of chemicals that they use in the workplace. "Right to know".
• -5 Parts:
• 1.) Written Program
• 2.) Inventory of hazardous chemicals
• 3.) MSDS for every chemical
• 4.) Proper labeling for containers
• 5.) Employee training

• 1.) Staff training
• 2.) How chemicals are handled in the office, including information on all labeling and safety measures.
• 3.) How to respond to chemical emergancies such as spills or exposures.

-List of all products used in the office that contain chemicals.

• -Contains health and safety information about every chemical in the office.
• -Describes physical and chemical properties of a chemical, health hazards, routes of exposure, precautions for safe handling and use, emergency and first aid procedures, and spill control measures.

-Containers must be labeled to indicate what chemicals they contain and any hazards that may be associated. All containers in the dental office must be labeled.

• -Staff training is required in 3 different ways
• 1.) When new employee is hired
• 2.) When a new chemical product is introduced to the office.
• 3.) Once a year for all continuing employees.
• -Records of each training must be kept on file for at least 5 years.

• -There are regulated and nonregulated wastes in the dental office. Some substances are regulated under federal, state, or local environmental regulations.
• -Regulations very from state to state.

• -Includes sharps such as disposable needles, scalpel blades, contaminated broken glass, disposable dental burs, and endodontic files and reamers.
• - Blood, blood-soaked and blood-coated items, human tissue, pathologic waste, extracted teeth
• -Regulated waste requires special disposal

-Includes materials contaminated waste materials as well as saliva-soaked gauze, used patient bibs, and surface barriers.

• -Should be collected and stored in a designated, dry, airtight container.
• -Container must be labeled with name, address, telephone number of dental office, date on which you first started collecting material in the container.

• -Regulated waste
• -Teeth that don't contain amalgam and are going to be sued for educational purposes must be heat-sterilized first.
• -Teeth that contain amalgam restorations should never be heat-sterilized because high temp may create toxic mercury vapors.

-Includes aluminum, glass, newspapers, corrugated fiber, and mixed paper.

• -EPA enforces disposal of regulated waste
• -Dentist is responsible for proper packing, labeling, transportaion, and ultimate disposal of wate generated in the dental office
• -Containers must be rigid, leak resistant, impervious to moisture, and strong enough to prevent damage and leakage during handling.

-Used or unused disinfectants with high concentration of formaldeyde or a flash point less than 140 degree F is a hazardous waste that cannot be discharged into the sewer.

-Small bore tubing usually made of plastic, used to deliver dental treatment under water through dental unit.

• -Slime-producing bacterial communities that may also harbor fungi, algae, and protozoa.
• -Exists where moisture and suitable solid surfaces are found.
• -Attached to the walls DUWLs and form protective slim layer.

-A number of separable cells on the surface of a semisolid agar medium that create a visible colony.

• -Genus of bacteria responsible for the disease Legionellosis.
• -Found in water and moist places.

-Use of membrane filters to trap microorganisms suspended in water.

-Describes bacteria that are freely floating in water.

-Container attached to a dental unit that is used to hold and supply water or other solutions to handpieces and air-water syringes.

• 1.) Community Water
• 2.) Patient's Mouth

• 1.) Planktonic- "free floating" microorganisms.
• 2.) Biofilm- microorganisms attached to the walls of DUWLs.

• 1.) Self-contained water reservoirs
• 2.) Chemical treatment regimens
• 3.) Microfiltration
• 4.) Daily draining and drying of lines
• 5.) Sterile Water

-Container attached to dental unit that is used to hold and supply water or other solutions to handpieces and air-water syringes.

• -Biofilm is extremely resistant to chemical destruction, chemical treatments must be provided once a week.
• -Periodic shock treatment with biocidal levels (levels that will kill mircroorganisms) of chemicals
• -Continuous application of chemicals to the system at biocidal levels but not levels that harm humans.

-Disposable in-line membrane filters to trap microorganisms suspended in water.

-Drain waterlines after use or end of the day to get rid of mircoorganisms and let line dry.

-Use sterile water for surgical procedures to prevent bacteria from entering that body from the inside.

• 1.) Flush Waterlines
• 2.) Minimizing Aerosols
• 3.) Protective Barriers

-DUWL and hand pieces should be flushed every morning and for 20-30 minutes after every patient.

-Use high volume evacuator to reduce contamination from aerosols and splatter from patients saliva and contact with the water spray.

• -Use dental dam as barrier for the patient from dental unit water. The dam not only eliminates exposure but also greatly reduces direct contact.
• -Masks, glasses, gloves, scrubs and other PPE.

• -Pain associated with continued flexion and extension of the wrist.
• -Painful tingling in one or both hands in anatomic area of hand or wrist.
• -Decreased ability and power to squeeze objects or make a tight fist.
• -Ambidextrous gloves that are too small can lead to this.

-Painful conditions that result from ongoing stresses to muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints.

• -Adaptation of work environment and tasks to the human body
• -"Law of work"

-Painful conditions that affect both muscles and bones, such as neck or back pain and carpal tunnel syndrome.

-Position when the body is properly aligned and the distribution of weight throughout the spine is equal.

• -Injuries caused by sudden twisting or wrenching of a joint with stretching or tearing of ligaments.
• -Sudden

• -Injuries caused by extreme stretching of muscles or ligaments.
• -Extreme

• -Fleshy mound on the palm of the base of the thumb.
• -Ambidextrous gloves can place tension on this area.

• 1.) Good practices
• 2.) Staff training
• 3.) Equipment design
• 4.) Instrument design
• 5.) Workplace changes
• 6.) Balance and exercise.

• -Headaches, neck and shoulder pain, back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome
• -Work habits, posture, equipment design, poor exercise, poor staff training, and getting lazy.

• 1.) Posture
• 2.) Repetition
• 3.) Force

-Affects the ability of the dental assistant to reach, hold, and use equipment.

-Repeating motions, positions, and overflexions of wrist.

-Repeating motion or wrist or other body parts and the force can cause CTDs.

• -Strengthening back, neck, shoulders, forearm, wrist, and hand.
• -Freuently resting hands during the workday to prevent CTS.
• -Do periodic stretching during the workday.
• -Exercising the whole body and stay healthy will reduce risk of musculoskeletal disorders.