Cardio 1-1.txt

Heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, sudden death, and lipid disorders

Shortness of breath out of proportion to level of exertion

High pulmonary vascular pressure and high LV pressure (LV failure) cause fluid to leak into alveoli and intersitium, decreases oxygenation of blood at alveolus (due to salt and water in alveoli), and makes the intersitium wider and less compliant.

SOB caused by severe leakage of fluid into alveoli/intersitium

Acute cardiac pulmonary edema

Chronic heart failure, AMI, Acute mitral/aortic valvular insufficiency (blood moves backward)

Breathing is more comfortable while upright - pulls blood out of vasculature and relieves pressure

Reduces blood in limbs and raises the LV end diastolic volume

Left ventricular end diastolic volume (preload)

Worsens it - increase preload = increase pulmonary vascular pressure = fluid in alveoli

Acute shortness of breath after laying down for a period of time

Standing up and repooling blood to extremities

Decreases preload

Laying down increases blood in vasculature; standing up decreases blood in vasculature

Increased preload

Blood doesn't move forward adequately; reduced ejection fraction

Ventricles are not filled fully

Common symptom of poor LV function during systole (systolic dysfunction)

Decreased LVEF = decreased perfusion of organs and muscles causing fatigue

Left ventricular ejection fraction - % of LV end diastolic volume ejected during contraction

Decreased LVEF = decreased effective renal vascular perfusion; Kidneys respond by saving water

Edema - caused by retained salt water

Fingers leave divots in subcutaenous tissue after it is removed

Diuretic