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HUSOP2014
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What is the normal total calcium serum range?
8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL (2.13-2.63 mmol/L)
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What percent of Calcium is bound to albumin?
46%
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What is the normal unbound (ionized) fraction of serum calcium range?
4.4 -5.4 mg/dL (1.10-1.35 mmol/L)
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Which of the following will increase the binding of Ca to Albumin?
a) metabolic alkalosis
b) metabolic acidosis
a) metabolic alkalosis
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What are the (3) major causes of hepercalcemia?
- Cancer (tumors secrete PTH-related protein)
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Drug Use
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What is the total serum calcium concentration of severe hypercalcemia?
>13 mg/dL (>3.25 mmol/L)
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What is the total serum calcium concentration of Hypercalemic crisis?
>15 mg/dL (>3.75 mmol/L)
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Name some symptoms of hypercalcemia:
- fatigue, weakness, anorexia
- depression, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction
- vague abdominal pain, constipation
- renal: polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia
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Life threatening Hypercalcemia with functioning kidneys is usually treated with:
- Saline rehydration
- loop diuretic
- Hemodialysys (low calcium bath)
- Calcitonin
- Glucocorticoids
- Gallium nitrate
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Non-life-threatening hypercalcemia with sever renal insufficiency is usually treated with:
- Hemodialysis (low calcium bath)
- Calcitonin
- Glucocorticoid
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Asymptomatic hypercalcemia (>12 mg/dL) is usually treated with?
- Saline rehydration
- Loop diuretic
- Calcitonin
- Glucocorticoids
- IV Bisphosphonates
- Mithramycin
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Asymptomatic hypercalcemia (< 12 mg/dL) is usually treated with?
- Observation
- Correcting the reversable cause
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