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- Lion Gate
- Era: Ancient Near East, Hitties 1400 BCE
- Techniques:
- fortification walls made out of cyclopian (huge) stones
- fit stones together so that no mortar was needed
- two lions carved into stone
- protection mechanisms to scare of evil
- lions show that ruler inside gate has great power
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- Citadel of Sargon II
- Era: Ancient Near East, Assyrian 7200 BCE
- Techniques:
- king's palace 50ft above ground level (also above flood line) symbolizes his power and might
- bent axis approach
- large in perspective
- ziggurat with 6 sanctuaries each representing a diggerent god
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- Winged Human-Headed Bull (Lamassu)
- Era: Ancient Near East, Assyrian 7200 BCE
- Techniques:
- made of limestone
- placed at gate to entrance of city to overwhelm visitor and demonstrate ruler's power and political authority
- human head is ruler's face
- ward of enemies and evil (possibly religious)
- sculpture in the round (except back)
- high relief sculpture
- conceptual sculpture not optical
- very skilled technique to create multiple levels of relief
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- Ashurnasirpal II at War
- Era: Ancient Near East, Assyrian 875 BCE
- Techniques:
- painted relief sculpture on limestone
- hierarchy of scale and winged figure (Ashur) denote the king
- winged god Ashur gives king divine right
- no ground line
- no recession into space
- uses overlap of figures to imply depth
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- Ashurnasirpal II Drinking
- Era: Ancient Near East, Assyrian
- Techniques:
- king is seated raising a cup, libation (ritual practice)
- carved lines denote musculature, not realistic
- bodies in 3/4 view with frontal eyes
- human body is thick set and weighty
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- Ashurbanipal Hunting Lions
- Era: Ancient Near East, Assyrian 650 BCE
- Techniques:
- made of alabaster
- dramatic depiction of event
- shows king's persistance to kill lions (multiple arrows in lions)
- lions have rounded anatomy
- humans show strength and courage
- no ground line
- not sequential narrative
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- Dying Lioness
- Era: Ancient Near East, Assyrian 650 BCE
- Techniques:
- pain is evident in body and face but there is still great dignity
- emphasis on musculature
- inspires sympathy
- very rounded
- great attention to detail
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- Ishtar Gate
- Era: Ancient Near East, Neo-Babylonian 575 BCE
- Techniques:
- ruler has tremendous power and wealth
- gate is dedicated to god, Akkad, so he protects city
- glazed bricks made of lapis lazuli
- molded relief animals (both real and imaginary) into certain sections of wall
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- Palace of Darius
- Era: Ancient Near East, Achaemenid 520-460 BCE
- Techniques:
- had streets running through it
- houses along streets
- all halls had columns which held up the roof
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- Royal Audience Hall (Persepolis)
- Era: Ancient Near East, Achaemenid 520-460 BCE
- Techniques:
- outer wall covered in relief scuplture
- 60 feet tall, 200 sq. feet
- 36 pillars had capitals with lions and bulls
- designed for visual effects
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- Subjects Bringing Gifts to the King
- Era: Ancient Near East, Achaemenid 500 BCE
- Techniques:
- made of limeston
- Syrians have cone-shaped hats, Babylonians have hats with wide brims
- no recession into space
- would've had color
- rounded figures in natural profile
- medium relief
- stylized trees (giant leaves)
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- Jar Handle in Form of Winged Ibex
- Era: Ancient Near East, Achaemenid 400-300 BCE
- Techniques:
- silver in laid with gold
- advanced skill
- ibex mimics the shape of the vase
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- Ceremonial Cauldron
- Era: Ancient Near East, Achaemenid 8th century
- Techniques:
- animals reduced to decorative shapes
- horns mimic the shape of the cauldron
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