AP World Vocab Quiz Chapter 1

society which relies on sedentary agriculture and ability to produce food surpluses, characterized by existence of nonfarming elites, merchant and manufacturing groups

socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. Material culture refers to physical objects, such as dwellings, clothing, tools, and crafts. Culture also includes arts, beliefs, knowledge, and technology

 The historic period characterized by the production of tools from stone and other nonmetallic substances

(hunters and gatherers) people who support themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects

the change (transition) from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 BCE and 2000 BCE.

the largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. Particularly important under Hammurabi’s rule in the 18th century BCE and under king Nebuchadnezzaar in the 6th century BCE

people who dominated Mesopotamia in the third millennium BCE. Created first civilization in the region, irrigation technology, cuneiform, organized area into city-states

 ancient nomadic herders who spoke Semitic languages, e.g. Akkadians, Aramaics, Hebrews, and Phoenicians. Arabic language also belongs to the group of Semitic languages. 

a small independent state consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. Urban center provided military protection to the area and the agricultural territory delivered food supplies

ruler of Babylon in the 18th century BCE, best known for a code of law inscribed on a black stone pillar

 in the government of many ancient societies, a professional position reserved for men who had undergone lengthy training required to be able to read and write

a massive pyramidal stepped tower made of mudbricks in religious complexes of Mesopotamia. Specific function is unknown

small charm meant to protect the bearer from evil

a system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables written on clay tables. Originated in Mesopotamia ca. 3000 BCE. Because so many symbols had to be learned, literacy was confined to a relatively small group of administrators and scribes

 title of kings in Ancient Egypt. Was believed to be an earthly manifestation of the gods, with the absolute power to maintain the safety and prosperity of Egypt

ancient system of writing in which pictorial symbols represented sounds, syllables, or concepts

reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River. Used to produce a coarse, paper-like material used for writing in Egypt

a body preserved by chemical processes in the belief that the deceased will need it again in the afterlife

cite of one of the great cities of the Indus River Valley Civilization in the third millennium BCE

Largest of the cities of the Indus Valley civilization