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Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Intravenous therapy designed to provide nutrition for patients who cannot or will not take in adequate nourishment by mouth
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Protein (amino acids)
Parenteral solution required for tissue synthesis and repair
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Fat emulsion
A lipid emulsion intended to supply extra calories and essential fatty acids
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Electrolytes
Salts of sodium, potassium, chloride, acetate, phosphate, magnesium, and calcium added to a TPN to correct any deficiencies and help meet daily metabolic needs
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Trace elements
Small amounts of elements, such as copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, selenium, iron, and iodine, that are commercially available in combinations for addition to TPNs
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Total fluid volume
The amount of fluid a patient needs to recieve from the TPN to satisfy daily fluid requirements (usually about 2500-3000 mL daily for an average adult)
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Total nutrient admixture (TNA)
A three-in-one IV solution that includes a lipid emulsion added to the base components
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