APEuro enlightenment

urban middle class

french for philosopher, great enlightenment thinkers

room in a fashionable home where the ideas of the enlightenment were discussed and debated

philosophers who wanted economic reform, favored free trade

famous for a bad reason

cast out

infamous prison in paris

voltaires notion of the ideal government; absolute monarch has total power but uses it wisely

dictatorship

limit what people can see or read; edit

to live close to nature, no society

synonym for democracy

key economic idea of adam smith, CAPITALISM

economic theory developed by adam smith; supply and demand, limited government involvement

• french for "hands off"
• idea that government should keep out of business

fancy, ornate

art movement, baroque on steroids

• belief that there is a god who creates but does not redeem
• "god as a watchmaker"

leads the king's government; leader of the dominant political party in the house of commons

a nation with lots of serfs

synonym for hungarians

a fierce russian warrior tribe famed for their loyalty to the tsar

• 1) more farmland
• 2) increased yields per acre
• 3) healthier and abundant lifestock
• 4) improved climate
• mostly british
• -potato and maize

• the years of the mid 1700s prior to the french revolution
• -new spirit of intellectual energy and interest in society and governement
• -centered in paris
• -philosophes

• the laws of war and peace
• issues of international law
• -3 mile limit

• economist and phisiocrat
• the wealth of nations
• -most important economics text ever written
• -supply and demand-natural laws apply to economics
• -laissez-faire
• capitalism

• advocate for limits on political powers
• opposed absolute monarchy
• favored separation of powers into branches
• (king and parliament)
• the spirit of the laws

• founded methodism
• he favored a tolerant and inclusive vision of christianity

• social contract
• emile
• "natural state"
• "man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains"
• advocated democracy
• general will

• incompetent absolute monarch of france
• -war of austrian succession
• -seven years war
• "apres moi le deluge"

when maria theresa succeeded to the throne, prussia came in to take selisia (frederick II)

ended war of austrian succession and gave silesia to prussia

the people gave service to a government who in turn protected and flourished, if not then the people could elect a new king

• charles VI's heir to the throne, maria theresa
• -austrian nobility and foreign powers would accept her claim to the throne
• -signed to say she could be empress of austria

• 1772 - austria, prussia, russia
• 1793 - prussia, russia
• 1795 - austria, prussia, russia
• poland disappeared from the map until 1918

• kaiser of prussia
• -participated in war of austrian succession
• -was an enlightened despot
• -had his palace at sans souci

• russian tsarina
• -enlightened despot
• -fought and won wars against the ottomans
• -participated in partitions of poland
• -however did not end serfdom
• -crushed cossack pugachev revolt

• education should foster natural instincts
• -movement that had its emphasis on heart and sentiment

• history of the decline and fall of the roman empire
• "father" of modern history
• -new level of expectation for research support for historical writings
• first modern researched history text

• had a devotion to free speech, free thought, and religious tolerance
• enlightened despotism
• candide
• letters on the english
• -freedom and tolerance in england

• gullivers travels
• -captured the energy of the enlightenment
• -satyr that mocked different groups of the rich and powerful british society

• supporter of the free exchange of ideas
• encyclopedia
• -28 volumes of philosophical essays and illustration of the key inventions and ideas of the age

• separate wars in india and north america
• british won in both
• india - over madras
• -treaty of paris = french withdrew

ended american revolution wars between british and french

• austria and russia attacked prussia
• -russia pulled out suddenly = prussia kept silesia
• french and indian war
• -over control of colonial possessions in north america and india
• peace of paris
• -france was forced out, ending the war

• first prime minister of britain
• during george I reign (hannover)
• -prevented foreign conflicts and kept balance of power

• son of maria theresa
• -enlightened despot
• -toleration patent of 1781
• -abolished serfdom
• -equality before the law
• -no death penalty

• founder of modern feminism
• vindication of the rights of women
• -based on enlightenment principles, women should have the same rights as men

entrepreneurs bought raw materials and sent them into the countryside where families finished them

• an austrian province that was taken by frederick the great of prussia and kept in the end
• of the war of austrian succession

fashionable women of the aristocracy who held salons

• catherine the great of russia
• frederick the great of prussia
• joseph the II of austria

• -write a constitution
• -support religious freedom
• -oppose censorship
• -encourage progress

man lived a much simpler and just life in the natural state and civilization corrupted and enslaved man

human knowledge

skepticism

history

economy

international law

• natural state
• social contract
• general will

limits on political powers

enlightened despotism

• the blue boy - gainsborough
• mr and mrs. andrews - gainsborough
• reverend robert walker skating - raeburn

• france
• britain
• austria
• russia
• prussia

great britain was created by uniting england and scotland

george I, robert walpole

maria theresa persuaded france to forget 200 years of hostility on the premise that prussia was a bigger threat