chapter 1 lab book

1. measuring levels of analytes and comparing to reference values

2. observing and detecting abnormal cells under the microscope 

3. detecting the presence of pathogenic microorganisms

-- reference or referral laboratories: clinical lab run by pathologists

-- hospital laboratories: bedside test ( POCT)

-- ambulatory care laboratories: CLIA-waived test

• . specimen collection and processing
• . hematology department
• . chemistry department
• . immunology/ serology and immunohematology
• . microbiology department
• . pathology department
• . toxicology department

1. to screen patients for possible disorders

2. to establish a diagnosis

3. to monitor the patient's condition or treatment

- urinalysis and pregnancy testing

- hematology test: hemoglobin, hematocrit

- coagulation

- chemistry: glucose, lipids

1. professionalism

2. interpersonal communication skills

3. observant

4. problem slover

5. organized

• - test are ordered
• - requisition filled out
• -specimen collected and labeled
• -specimen processed and transported to office laboratory

- in office lab tests performed and patient test results logged and charted

- results are logged and placed into patient charts

- results are given to physician

- dispose specimens

- patient  test results are interpreted and signed by physician

- patient is notified and it is recorded in chart

- final signed chart is filled

are recommendations for infection control of communicable diseases

• - goggles
• - face shield
• - gown
• - gloves
• - plexiglas shield

washing of the hands

The assumption that blood or body fluid containing blood from any patient or test kit could be infectious.

• HIV- no vaccine
• HBV- vaccine available
• HCV- no vaccine

blood , semem and amniotic fluid.

HIV is a RETROVIRUS it attacks the immune system by destroying the white blood cells known as CD4+ T lymphocytes.

1. An acute stage flu like symptoms with swallon glands

2. an asymptomatic stage no symptoms but the person is still infectious

3. Symptomatic stage appearance of opportunistic infections

4. AIDs

- is the most prevalent bloodborne virus.

- should be avaliable to all employees. new employees should begin vaccination within the first 2 weeks of employment. 10 days to decline have to sign a declination letter.

• - not bloodborne
• - attacks the liver
• - trasmitted by direct or indirect contact through gastrointestional tract
• - patients are placed on isolation

attacks the liver

• 1. safety training
• 2. proper apparel (PPE)
• 3. a safe work environment

hepatisits B or hepatisits C than HIV

efforts to isolate and remove pathogenic dangers from the workplace.

• actions in a laboratory to protect workers from exposure to pathogens in blood or body fluids no
•  
• no eating
• no drinking
• no smoking
• no applying of make-up

• - wash the exposed area immediately
• - report the exposed area immediately to a supervisor
• - file an incident report
• - seek medical attention

health hazard

reactivity ( instability)

flammability (fire hazard)

other such as PPE

an infected person who is carrying an infectious agent

a means of leavingthe infected host's body. through mouth , broken skin , rectum or body fluids

a means of transporting itself from the infected individual to another person by direct or indirect contact.

a body opening or break in the skin in another person

an individual who is unable to protect himself against the infectious agent