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renaissance
- 1400
- considered the beginning of modern europe
- "rebirth" of
- -classical education
- -greco-roman architecture
- -humanism
- -science
- -inquiry
- -art
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venice
- "most serene republic"
- governed by great council and doge
- -rich in trade
- -special trading privileges with byzantine empire until the fall of constantinople (1453)
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florence
- center of the renaissance
- -rich on trade, textiles, banking
- major center of art patronage
- nominally a republic but was dominated by powerful families
- -medici dynasty
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papal states
- 476 fall of rome = poverty and ruin
- -presence of catholic church kept the city relevant (1400s papacy returned from avignon)
- -art and diplomacy
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urbino
- federigo da montefeltro
- -emplyed by kings of naples, poes and dukes of milan
- -conderaotteri
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isabella d'este
- known for intelligence and political wisdom
- -patron of the arts
- co-ruler of matua
- -classically educated and cultured
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johann gutenberg
- 1453 developed the moveable type printing
- -revolution in literacy
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masaccio
- "expulsion of adam and eve"
- classical revolution in painting
- -perspective
- -emotion
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donatello
- "david"
- "mary magdalen"
- classical revolution in sculpture
- -contraposta
- -celebrated man
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da vinci
- renaissance man
- "vetruvian man"
- "last supper"
- "mona lisa"
- high renaissance
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raphael
- discovered by pope julius II
- "school of athens"
- madonnas
- frescoes in popes room
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botticelli
- "birth of venus"
- "la primavera"
- revolutionary theme of gods
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northern renaissance
- centered intellectually on religion and efforts at reformation
- -erasmus of rotterdam, more, luther
- LESS SECULAR THAN ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
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durer
- german
- famous for religious works, woodblocks, and self portraits
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van eyck
- flemmish
- famous for realistic portraits
- "the wedding portrait"
- attention to detail
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the decameron
- boccaccio
- brutal examination of human morality
- -friends hiding from the plague, chronicled various reactions to the black death
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medici
- branch banking for the pope
- dominated florence
- art patronage
- cosimo
- -1434 secured his family's control
- lorenzo
- -most powerful
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the courtier
- castiglione
- a book of etiquette of the ideal renaissance man
- combined medeival and modern virtues
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the prince
- machiavelli
- first major work of political science
- -duty bound ruler
- "better to be feared than loved"
- "ends justify the means"
- -has been misused to justify dicatatorships
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canterbury tales
- chaucer
- first significant work written in english vernacular instead of latin
pilgrims traveling between london and the canterbury cathedral telling stories
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don quixote
- cervantes
- crowning acheivments of spanish literature
- -literary realism
- characters represent the dual nature of spanish character
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the divine comedy
- danteliterary revolution
- -abandoned latin for vernacular
- -trilogy
- -epic poem
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brunelleschi
- "cathedral of florence"
- revolutionary design
- -largest dome since antiquity
- -boom in domes
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michelangelo
- child prodigy
- "la pieta"
- "david"
- "moses"
- "sistine chapel cieling"
- "the last judgement"
- st peters basilica
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humanism
- study of man and man's achievments
- petrarch "father of humanism"
- -wrote only in latin
- -letters to cicero
- lorenzo valla
- -activist
- leonardo bruni
- -new cicero
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classical
of or pertaining to ancient greece or rome
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oligarchy
government by the few, the rich
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pieta/madonna/annunciation
- mother with crucified body of christ
- mother with child
- mother and michael
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flanders
historic name for belgium
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holland
synonym for netherlands
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low countries
belgium, netherlands, louxembourg
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caravel
- revolutionary sailing ship developed in 1300s
- -rounded hull and three triangular sails
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moors
north african muslim tribe that had conquered the iberian peninsula around 1700
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