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What are the two types of Choice Behavior?
Simple Choice and Concurrent Choice
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How do we study Choice Behavior in the lab?
With Skinner boxes and lever-pressing behavior.
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What happens during simple choice procedures?
There are two response alternatives, each on its own schedule of reinforcement.
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What are Concurrent Schedules? What are some real world examples?
Allow for continuous measurement of choice because the organism is free to change between the response alternatives at any time.
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How to measure Choice Behavior using Concurrent Choice Procedures?
Calculate relative rate of responding for alternatvies. Rate of responding for alternative divided by total rate of responding.
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Relative Rates of Responding (formula)
BL/(BL+BR)
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Relative Rate of Reinforcement (formula)
rL/(rL+rR) - influenced by Relative Rates of Responding
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The Matching Law (and formula)
BL/BR = rL/rR - Relative Rates or Responding match Relative Rate of Reinforcement
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When can the Matching Law not be true
If Sensitivity and response bias are not taken into account with a generalized formula BL/BR = b(rL/rR)^s
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Undermatching and Overmatching in the Matching Law
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Response Bias in the Matching Law
Bias for a response alternative because more effort is required for other alternatives without a significantly stronger reinforcer.
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What does the Matching Law predict and NOT predict?
Does not predict that a choice will occur, it predicts the fraction of time in which a certain choice will occur.
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Molecular Maximization
Choosing whatever alternative is most likely to be reinforced at the time.
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Molar Maximization
Distributing choices among alternatives to maximize amount of reinforcement in the "long run".
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Melioration
Acting to make something better. Choices are not optimal in the long run.
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Self-Control
Choice of a larger, delayed reinforcer over a smaller, less delayed reinforcer.
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Impulsivity
Chocie of a smaller, more immediate reinforcer over a larger, more delayed reinforcer.
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Factors that influence impulsivity
Reinforcer type, quality, amount, and delay
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How is impulsivity affected by delay to reinforcement
As delay for both reinforcers increase, choice for self-control increases.
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Concurrent Chain Procedure
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Value Discounting Function
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Value Discounting Function (formula) - Know how k relates to impulsivity
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Differences between Associative Structure and Behavioral Regulatory perspectives?
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Consummatory-Response Theory
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Premack Principle (Instrumental and Reinforcer Responses)
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Response Deprivation Hypothesis
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Response Deprivation Hypothesis suggests about how instrumental conditioning procedures affect reinforcement
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How to plot Bliss Point and minimal deviation points
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Behavioral Regulation functions much like _____________.
Homeostasis
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Comparisons between what Psychologists and Economists study
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What factors affect Elasticity of Demand?
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