-
What is Blood?
- A mixture of fluids and cells that Transports oxygen (O2) and nutrients from lungs to body tissues (Proteins, Hormones)
- Transports carbon dioxide (CO2) and waste from body tissues to lungs
-
What are the celluar componets of blood?
- Red blood cells (RBC) or erythrocytes
- White Blood Cells (WBC) or Luekocytes
-
What are Characteristics of Red Blood cells?
- Carries Oxygen
- Comprises approximately 50% of blood volume
- Most abundant cell in the body
- Biconcave in shape (doughnut-shaped)
- contain the iron-rich O2 carry protein hemoglobin
-
What is the Average life Span of RBCs and where are the produced?
- 120 days
- Red Bone Marrow, sternum, vertbrae, ribs, pelvis
-
App how many RBC in the body (Male and Female)
- Males - 5 millon
- Females 4.5 million
-
What gives RBCs their red color?
- Hemeglobin
- Composed of heme (binds to irons) and globulin (protien)
-
How are the old RBCs removed form the body?
By the liver and the spleen
-
What is the process of RBC formation
- Erthropoiesis
- Regulated by the kidney hormone erythroproietin
-
White Blood Cells (WBCs) or Leukocytes
- Involved in inflamation and immunity
- [1] Neutrophils
- [2] Eosinophils
- [3] Basophils
- [4] Lymphocytes
- [5] Monocytes
- [6] Platelets or clotting cells
-
What are some systemic disorders that are diagnosed through blood test and blood disorders
- Systemic Disorder -
- Dibetes - blood glucose levels
- Atherosclerosis - Elevated cholesterol, Elevated LDL Cholesterol, Decreased HDL cholesterol
- blood Disorders
- Anemia
- Leukemia
-
What are 3 diferential blood anaylsis
- Qualitative
- Quanitiative
- Boone Marrow Smear
-
Qualitative blood analysis
Size and Shape
-
Quanitative blood analysis
- Total blood count (Rbs, wbs, platelets)
- Ratio of specific cell types to total blood cells
- hemoglobin
- hematocrit
- Serum chemistry
- Enzymes
- Hormones
-
Bone Marro Smear
- 1] Obtained by needle aspiration of bone
- marrow
- [a] Provides information on bone marrow function and qualitative characteristics of stem cells
- {1} Used to diagnose
- {a} Dyscrasia- a pathological condition of blood or cellular elements of the blood)
- <1> Malignant blood disorders
- <2> Altered blood count disorders
-
Potential Causes of Anemia
- Medications
- Poor diet
- Diseases
- Pregnancy
- Heredity
- Bone marrow dysfunction
- Kidney failure
- Immune system dysfunction
- Blood loss
- Gastrointestinal surgery
-
Symptoms of Anemia
- Pallor
- Fatique or weakness
- Dyspnea
- Palpitations
- Juandice
-
Types of anemia
- Iron deficiency amemia
- Anemia of Chronic Diseases
- Anemia of Renal Disease
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Vitamin B12 deficiency or pernicious anemia
- Folic acid deficiency anemia
- Hemolytic anemia
-
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Leading cause of anemia worldwide
- Decreased number of rbcs in the blood caused by low iron
- levels
- Iron balance in body tightly controlled
- Iron balance designed to conserve iron for reutilization
- Iron in body is replenished by dietary intake of iron-rich
- foods
-
Iron Loss from Body occurs by one of 2 stages
- 1-Negative iron balance
- {a} Demand for iron exceeds the body’s ability to absorb
- dietary iron
- {b} Causes include Blood loss, Pregnancy, Rapid growth
- spurts in children or adolescents, Inadequate dietary iron intake due loss of small intestinal mucosal cell integrity (unable to absorb dietary iron)
- {2} Depletion of body’s iron stores
- Cause includes : rbcs lose shape appearing cigar- or pencil-shaped
-
Treatments of Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Oral Iron Supplements
- Intravenous or intramuscular injectable supplements
-
Animia of chronic disease
- Occurs in chronic conditions such as
- Inflamation diseases uremia
- Infectious diseases - turberculosis
- Automimmunie disease - crohns
- Cancer
- (may be resolved if underlying disease is treated)
-
Anemia of renal disease
- Caused by chronic kidney dysfunction or renal failure
- Correlates to severity of renal disease
- Kidneys unable to produce sufficient levels of erythropoietin leading to reduced rbc survival
- Serum iron levels used to differentiate this form from iron deficiency anemia
- Serum iron levels tend to be normal in people with anemia of renal disease
-
Megaloblastic anemia
- [a] Results from impairment of DNA synthesis in rbc production
- [b] rbcs are larger in megaloblastic anemia
- [c] Megaloblastic erythroid cells have higher RNA/DNA han normal erythroid cells
|
|
