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arcus senilis
corneal arcus - composed of lipids deposited in the periphery of the cornea
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astigmatism
an abnormal condition in which light rays cannot be focused clearly in a point on the retina because of an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens
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cataract
An opacity occuring in the lens, most commonly from denaturation of lens protein caused by aging
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dacryocystitis
an infection of the lacrimal sac caused by obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct
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diplopia
double vision caused by defective function of the extraocular muscles or a disorder of the nerves that innervate the muscles
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dyscoria
an abnormality in the shape of the pupil
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ectropion
the lower lid is turned away from the eye and may result in excessive tearing because the inferior punctum is turned outward and cannot collect lacrimal gland secretions
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enophthalmos
a sinking of the eyeball into the orbital cavity
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entropion
the eyelid is turned inward toward the globe, the eyelashes may cuase corneal and conjunctival irritation
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esotropia
- (cross eyed)
- the inward or nasal deviation of an eye
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eversion
the act of turning inside out - how to look at the conjunctiva of the upper eyelid
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exophthalmos
an increase in the volume of the orbital content, causing protrusion of the eyes forward
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exotropia
- (wall eye)
- the outward or temporal deviation of an eye
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field of vision
the entire expanse of space visible at a given instant without moving the eyes
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floaters
one or more spots that appear to drift in front of the eye; caused by a shadow cast on the retina by vitreous debris or separation of the vitreous humor from the retina
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fovea centralis
a tiny pit in the center of the macula lutea that is the area of clearest vision, permitting light to fall on the cones; it appears as an oval yellow spot on the retina and is free from blood vessels
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glaucoma
an abnormal condition of elevated pressure within an eye resulting from obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor
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hordeolum
- (sty)
- generally caused by staphylococcal organisms - an acute suppurative inflammation of the follicle of an eyelash that can cause an erythematous or yellow lump
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hyperopia
- (farsightedness)
- a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are focused behind the retina
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iritis
inflammatino of the iris of the eye
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lacrimation
secreation of tears
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lens
biconves, transparent structure located immediately behind the iris
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lid lag
the exposure of the sclera above the iris when the patient is asked to follow your finger as you direct the eye in a smooth movement from ceiling to floor
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limbus
a border - the edge of the cornea bordering the sclera
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myopia
- (nearsightedness)
- a condition resulting from a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are brought into focus in front of the retina
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night blindness
pupils are slow to constrict so when light hits them, it's too bright and causes temporary blindness
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nystagmus
involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes; the oscillations may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed
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palpebral fissure
the elliptical opening between the upper and lower eyelids
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photophobia
increased sensitivity to light; the condition is prevalent in albinism and disorders of the conjunctiva and cornea
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pinguecula
a small yellowish elevation situated near the inner or outer margins of the cornea
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presbyopia
hyperopia and impaired near vision from loss of lens elasticity, generally develop during middle age
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pterygium
an abnormal growth of conjunctiva that extends over the cornea from the limbus
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ptosis
characterized by one superior eyelid covering more of the iris than the other or covering the pupil; drooping of the upper eyelid
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strabismus
a condition where both eyes do not focus on an object simutaneously
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