Sociology 358.1

Work hard for nothing or adapt and commit crime.

When social norms are non-existent due to societal crisis such as poor economy.

The theory that suggests there are too many stimuli in the real world that cause some people to commit crime.

"An action followed by a small but immediate gratification will tend to be repeated, even though it is followed by a large but delayed painful consequence".

The concept that all behavior is in response to stimuli.  Behavior is shaped by the presense or absense of various reinforcers to stimulate behavior and punishers that extinguish behavior.  What is this explanation of behavior called?

Theory of Genetic Misfits

Government agencies, facilities and techniques to deal with the accused or convicted.

Study of Crime and Criminals

Thesis that suggests that crime occurs across generations with persistent criminal and deviant values.

Punishment discourages future crime

Criminal behaviors and actions are learned through social interaction.

Who advocated that offenders be exposed to prosocial definitions in a group context within correctional settings. 

Criminal behavior is cast in a positive or neutral light.  Robin Hood.

Mind influenced by parental training.

Punish one, deter all.

The unconscious primitive urges of the mind.

When the offender models the behavior seen in others in order to learn.

Penal philosophy that emphasizes separation of offenders to reduce the opportunity for crime.

Penal philosophy that emphasizes punishment and getting the rotten apple out of society.

Lex Talionis

Definitions are values and behaviors that are either prosocial or procriminal.  Criminals are exposed to more procriminal definitions as described in this Differential Association Theory. What is element missing from this theory according to Burgess and Akers?

Author of "The Criminal Man".

Concept that punishment should be uncomfortable.

People who study punishment.

Theorists that propose that crime is beyond the individuals control and the answer lies in a measurable aspect of the human condition.

Theorists that believe defects of the mind cause crime.

Individuals with no thought of conventional morality.

Therapy that holds offenders accountable, paternalistic.  Behavior modification to get the offender to act like the therapist.

Penal philosophy that assists offenders to change.

Penal philosophy that helps offenders transition to the community.

Penal philosophy that repays the victim.

Penal philosophy that attempts to balance accountability to victims, community protection and develop social, educational competencies.

Eye for an Eye.  Code of Hammurabi.

Individuals identified early in life as career criminals are sentenced for a long time.

Forces in a person's social and physical environment that connect a person to society and moral constituents.

Society provides the social glue that binds people together.  Without glue, hedonism reigns.

A French Sociologist who believed that crime derives from times when the social fabric is weakend by war, economy.  This weakend state is also known as Anomie.

When a geographic area experiences a disturbed, distressed or incomplete social connectedness, i.e., goverment largely ignores schools and parks.  High mobility in the area.

Early Social Ecologist known for Differential Association Theory

Four dimensions of definitions that have impact on prosocial or procriminal interactions

Learning occurs through two mechanisms:  Imitation and Differential Reinforcement

People retain and repeat rewarded behavior and extinguish behavior that is punished.

Punishment dissuades the offender from repeating the same offense or committing a new one.

Crime emerges from deviant subcultures. Rejecting society and its values, people form subcultures by bonding together to reduce the impact of society's rejection of them.

The mind that is concerned with moral values.

Residential programs in which offenders work together to change the attitudes and behavior of all group members.