EDSP 102 Ch2

portion of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord

part of the nervous system that conducts sensory and motor impulses between the body and the CNS

basic unit of the nervous system consisting of a cell body, an axon, and dendrites

cells that support and nourish other nerve cells in the CNS

central element in a cell body

single longer filament of a neuron that carries the neural impulse away from the cell body

branched nerve fibers that conduct impulses toward the cell body of a neuron

junction or gap where neural impulses jump from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another

the larger, most visible portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres

outer convoluted layers of dense neurons covering the cerebral hemispheres; responsible for high mental functioning

ridges or convulutions on the cortical surface of the brain

the narrower, more shallow grooves that occur on the convuluted cortical surface of the brain

deep furrow or valley in the convuluted surface of the cortex

the two halves of the cerebrum defined by the longitudinal fissure

cortical area in the precentral gyrus responsible for initiating specific, voluntary movements

the relationship in which cortical areas responsible for motor control and sensory reception are opposite from the body areas affected

the motor speech area located in the lower region of the frontal lobe in the langauge dominant hemisphere

cortical area in the temporal lobe where the sensation of sound is received

cortical area surrounding the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe; responsible for interpreting the significance of sounds

cortical area in the occipital lobe where visual sensation is received

the cortical area surrounding the primary visual cortex and responsible for interpreting the significance of visual stimuli

cortical area in the postcentral gyrus responsible for receiving somesthetic sensations from the body

the cortical areas just posterior the the sensory strip that assist in interpreting sensations

central nerve fibers that interconnect areas within a hemisphere

primary association fiber tract within each hemisphere; connects Wernicke's area in the temperal lobe with the Broca's area in the frontal lobe of the language dominant hemisphere

neural fibers that transmit information between the cerebral hemispheres

major bundle of commissural fibers forming an arched body beneath the longitudinal fissure and connecting the cerebral hemispheres

neural fibers that transmit motor and sensory fibers between the cortical areas and peripheral nerves

the tract of nerve fibers carrying motor impulses from the cortex to various levels of the spinal cord

a group of large cell bodies located deep within the cerebral hemispheres whose interconnections regulate automatic background adjustments in movement

major deep brain cell body that is part of the basal ganglia

a cell body in the basal ganglia

hypothetical system of multiple cerebral interconnections involving the basal ganglia, cortical areas, and cerebellum, which integrate background adjustments and purposeful movements

lower, hindmost portion of the brain primarily responsible for coordination and balance

the sense of body posistion and orientation

uppermost portion of the brain stem

four paired bodies on the brain stem important for regulating visual and auditory reflexes

middle portion of the brain stem that connects the midbrain and medulla

lower portion of the brain stem whose fibers are continuous with the spinal cord

part of the CNS that extends below the brain stem

the large opening in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes to lower areas of the body

posterior areas of the spinal cord containing nuclei for relaying incoming sensory information up the spinal cord

anterior areas of the spinal cord containing nuclei for relaying outgoing motor impulses to the body

twelve paired bundles of peripheral nerve bundles that exit the CNS at the level of the brain stem

the peripheral nerves that exit the spinal cord

the peripheral nerve bundles carrying sensory information to the ventral horns of the spinal cord

nerve fiber bundles carrying motor impulses away from the spinal cord

a portion of the nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary life support systems

the division of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates the body's "fight or flight" responses

division of the autonomic nervous system that quiets and normalizes bodily functions

anatomical structures for the production of speech sounds

the physiologic process of ventilating the body to inhale fresh air and exhale used air

the respiratory phase in which air is inhaled into the lungs

the phase of respiration in which air is exhaled from the lungs

cartilaginous and muscular framework that supports and regulates the vocal folds for phonation

the paired muscles that contribute the bulk of vocal folds

the source of laryngeal sound production, including the true vocal folds and the space between them

the air pressure that occurs below the vocal folds

tubular cavity extending from the larynx to the oral and nasal cavities

resonation of the vocal tone through the nasal cavities

excess resonance in the nasal cavities during production of nonnasal speech sounds

the outermost, visible, cartilaginous portion of the ear

funnel-shaped tube that conducts sound waves from the opening in the pinna to the tympanic membrane

the membrane that divides the outer and middle ear and receives sound waves from the environment

the three tiny bones of the middle ear that transmit energy from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea

the largest, most outermost bone in the ossicular chain of the middle ear and attached to the tympanic membrane

the middle bone in the ossicular chain in the middle ear

the smallest and innermost ossicle in the middle ear; its contact with the oval window transmits movements to the cochlea

three fluid-filled bony loops in the inner ear that contain fluid and contribute to maintaining balance

the portion of the inner ear that contains the sensory end organ for hearing, the organ of Corti

the resting place for the footplate of the stapes where movement of the ossicular chain are transmitted through the cochlea

a membrane within the inner ear that supports the sensory end organ for hearing, the organ of Corti, along the length of the cochlea

the sense organ for hearing contained in the cochlea of the inner ear

8th cranial nerve important for transmitting sound and balance sensation from inner ear to the brain

the period from conception through the 8th week following conception

single cell formed at conception containing the generic codes of both the father and mother

cell division that follows conception

cluster of cells formed by the 4th or 5th day following conception

fluid-filled sphere containing embryonic cells, formed by the end of the first week following conception

outermost cells in the blastocyst that attach to the embryo to the uterine wall and serve as the pathway for nutrients

the blastocyct's inner cell mass that will develop into the embryo

the fertilized egg during the first 8 weeks of develpment

membranous structure that allows nourishment and oxygen to pass between the mother and the embryo or fetus

cluster of cells in embryonic development at about 2 weeks following conception

outermost embryonic germ layer that contributes to various organs, including the nervous system and skin

middle embryonic germ layer that contributes to bones, cartilage, muscles and blood

innermost embryonic germ layer that contributes to various organs, including the digestive tract and lungs

period of embryological and fetal development from conception to birth

three equal intervals of approximately 3 months each in a typical pregnancy

the developing unborn child from the 10th week of gestation until birth

a feature of the embryonic disc that generates the mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm

embryonic predecesssor to the neural tube

the embryonic predecessor the the neural groove

the embryonic predecessor to the spinal cord

preprogrammed neuromuscular responses to stimuli

a reflex that affects an individual body part

a reflex in which the response is evidenced by the entire body