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Communication
process of sharing ideas involving a sender encoding and a receiver who deodes
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Code
systematic, orderly nature of language that allows speakers and listeners to express and comprehend meanings
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systematic
regularities exhibited by speakers of a language that make occurances in the language predictable
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Conventional
notion that language must be based on shared, customary, or implicitly agreed-on patterns of behavior
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Arbitrary
capricious connection between words and their meanings
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Linguistic aspects
dimensions of grammar, semantics and pragmatics relating to the structure, meaning and use of language
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Extralinguistic aspects
nonlinguistic elements of communication (gestures, intonation, etc) that supplement or alter the message expressed by the words and phrases
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Paralinguistic codes
productions aspects such as prosody, intonation, rate, rhythm and stress that accompany the spoken message the express attitude or emotion
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Prosody
Production features of speech, such as intonation, stress, rate, and rhythm that provide its melodic character
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Suprasegmental devices
Speech production effects, including intonation, stress, rhythm, superimposed across the linguistic segments (i.e, words and phrases) to modify their meaning
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Proxemics
the study of personal space in social interactions, including interpersonal communication
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vocal tract
cavities and structures above the vocal folds capable of modifying the vocal tone and airflow into distinctive speech sounds
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articulation
modification of the vocal tone and airstream into distinctive sounds through movement of oral structures
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voice
the tone produced by vibration of the vocal folds and modified by the resonating cavities of the vocal tract
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phonation
production of vocal tone in the physiological process of setting the approximated vocal folds into vibration with exhaled air
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resonation
modification of the vocal tone produced through changing the shape and size of the the spaces in the vocal tract
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fluency
flow of speech that is free of abnormal interruptions or disfluencies
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phonology
study of the speech sounds of languages
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International Phonetic Alphabet
provides universal symbols to represent all the known speech sounds used in human languages
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phone
individual instance of a speech sound production notated within brackets
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phoneme
conceptual family of sounds whose accoustic features are similar enough to be heard as the same speech sound, notated within slashes
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