NUR 106

• Systolic >140 and diastolic >90
• Patient is taking medications for HTN
• Doctor prescribed HTN medications

used to estimate risk of developing heart disease.  High blood cholesterol a  cholesterol greater than or equal to 240 mg/dL 

Test for hypertension/CAD:  A form of fat in the blood stream; the storage form of food used for energy.  A desirable triglyceride level is <100

Test for Hypertension/CAD:  The carrier of cholesterol; the “good” cholesterol. HDL’s transport cholesterol back to the liver for processing and excretion.  A desirable HDL level is >35 mg/dL.

Test for hypertension/CAD:  The carrier of cholesterol; the “bad” cholesterol.  This cholesterol may get deposited in the lining of vessels of the vascular system.  A desirable LDL level is <100 mg/dL. 

• Overactive Renin-Aldosterone problems (vasoconstriction)
• Overactive SNS firing continously
• Peripheral vascular resistence
• Insulin resistence/Diabetes

• 90 - 95% of the population
• Lifestyle 
• Genetics
• Family History

• Kidney disease
• Taking stimulants or drugs
• Pregnancy Induced

• Normal range 120/80
• Pre-hypertension–need lifestyle
• changes: systolic 120-139 diastolic 80-89

Stage I & II:  Requires meds and lifestyle changes

• Vague headache
• Occasional dizziness

• Morning Headache
• Blurred vision
• Nocturia
• Unsteadiness
• Depression

• Diuretics - decrease blood volume + plaque = decrease BP
• Beta - Blockers - SNS inhibitory mechanisms
• Direct vasodilators - relax blood vessles
• ACE Inhibitors - blocks angio I from becoming angio II
• Angiotesnsin inhibitor - blocks vasocontriction from angio II
• Calcium Channel Blockers - depolorization slowing
• HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibior - lower cholesterol levels

• Typically asymptomatic until reaching advanced state
• JVD
• Edema in the lower extremeties

• Physical Assessment
• Vital sings
• Pedal pulses

• Bed rest 4 – 8 hrs.
• Patient must lay flat
• Assess site for Vasoseal/Femstop
• Vitals
• Pedal pulses

• Transient substernal chest pain brought on by exercise, strees, extreme temperature changes, eating a heavy meal.
• Less than 15 minutes that is relieved with nitroglycerin and/or rest is considered angina.

• Nitroglycerin can be given 1 pill every 5 minutes for angina
• Nitroglycerin will decrease BP
• Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator with a side effect of light-headedness

back and epigastric pain

• Plaque ruptures and clogs the coronary arteries of
• the heart can cause heart muscle death distal to the region of blockage

• 1.  12-lead EKG
• 2.  Morphine
• 3.  Nitroglycerin
• 4.  Order a Troponin

Relieve anxiety, pain, distress, and reduce myocardial oxygen demand by causing vasodilation

• Tracing of the electrical activity of the heart.
• First test to be performed before medications are given for angina, MI, or CHF

Fibrinolytic, aspirin, antidysrythmic

Blood test to differentiate between unstable angina and MI in patients with chest pain.  A troponin level > 0.1 ng/mL is reflective of a possible MI.  Normal level should be <0.03

• Used in the event of a heart attack.
• Special drugs that work to break up clots that are blocking an artery.
• Sometimes called clot busters.

• used in the case of an MI.
• Reduce ventricular conduction

• CBC
• CRP
• Lipid Panel
• H&H
• Myoglobin
• BNP
• Fasting Blood Sugar

• Typically used for CHF
• B-Type natiuretic peptied is released from the ventricles in response to stress.
• A level of < 100 pg/mL is good

• C-reactive protien is a blood test marker for inflammation in the body; which can cause artherosclerosis.
• You are at high risk for cardiovascular disease if your CRP level is higher than 3.0 mg/L

Machine that is worn for 24 - 48 hours that measres heart rhythms.

Test that uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the heart without using radiation. This test can detect back flow and cross flow

Electrodes are attached to an ECG monitor while the patient exercises on a treadmill.  If the patient develops chest pain or angina then this is a concern

Multiple X-rays taken of the heart without using IV or contrast dye.  A negative test indicates low risk but does not absolutely rule out a future MI

Uses a CT scanner in which contrast dye is injectced in the catheter vein in the arm to detect for artherosclerosis in the coronary arteries of the heart

Passing a thin flexible cardiac catheter into the right or lef side of the heart either from the groin or the arm in which ballon angioplasty can be performed if there is blockage in the coronary artery.

• Drug used to prevent clot formation
• Coumadin with a side efffect of hemmorage

Anything less than or equal to 110

Reflection of #RBC with O2/CO2 carrying capacity

• % of blood volume made up of RBC's
• 42% - 52%