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The true discoverers of America were
ancestors of the Native Americans.
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One of the main factors that enabled Europeans to conquer native North Americans with relative ease was...
the absense of dense concentrations of populations or complex nation states.
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Iroquois Confederacy was able to menace its Native American and European neighbors because of
its military alliance, sustained by political and organizational skills.
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The early voyages of the Scandinavian seafareres did not result in permanent settlement in North America because
no nation-state wanting to expand supported these ventures.
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The Christian crusaders were indirectly responsible for the discovery of America because they
brought back news of valuable far eastern spices, drugs, and silk.
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Before the middle of the 15th century, sub-Saharan Africa had remained remote and mysterious to Europeans because
sea travel down the African coast had been virtually impossible.
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Europeans wanted to discover a new, shorter route to eastern Asia in order to
gain more profits for themselves.
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Spain was united into a single nation-state when
the African Moors were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula.
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In an effort to reach the Indies, Spain looked westward because
Portugal controlled the African coast.
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After his first voyage, Columbus believed that he had
sailed to the outskirts of the East Indies.
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The introduction of American plants around the world resulted in
rapid population growth in Europe.
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European contact with Native Americans led to
the deaths of millions of Native Americans, who had little resistance to European diseases.
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European explorers introduced _________ into the New World.
smallpox
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The flood of precious metal from the New World to the Old resulted in
the growth of capitalism.
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The institution of encomienda allowed the
European governments to give Native Americans to colonists if they promise to Christianize them.
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The Aztec chief Montezuma allowed Cortes to enter the capital of Tenochtitlan because
Montezuma believed that Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl.
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In which of the following is the expolorer MISMATCHED with the are he explored?
Coronado--New Mexico and Arizona
Ponce de Leon--Mississippi River Valley
Cortes--Mexico
Pizarro--Peru
Ponce de Leon--Mississipi River Valley
Bonus: What did he explore??
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Spain began to fortify and settle its North American border lands in order to
protect its Central and South American domains from encroachments by England and France.
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The settlement that was founded in the early 1600s that was the most important for the future US was
Jamestown.
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Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the
defeat of the Spanish Armada.
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On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed
a unified nation state, a measure of religious unity, a sense of nationalism.
(all of the above)
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The financial means for England's first permanent colonization in America were provided by
a joint-stock company.
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The guarantee that English settlers in the New World would retain the "rights of Englishmen" proved to be
the foundation for American liberties.
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The early years at jamestown were mainly characterized by
starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids.
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Despite an abundance of fish and game, early Jamestown settlers continued to starve because
they wasted time looking for gold.
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Captain John Smith's role at Jamestown can best be described as
saving the colony from collapse.
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The native peoples of Virginia (Powhatans) lost to the Europeans because they
died in large numbers from European diseases, lacked the unity necessary to resist the well-organized whites, and could be disposed of by Europeans with no harm to the colonial economy.
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The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in
the destruction of the soil, a great demand for controlled labor, and soaring prosperity in the colony.
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The summoning of Virginia's House of Burgesses marked an important precedent because it
was the first of many miniature parliaments in America.
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A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony was to
create a refuge for Catholics.
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The statutes governing slavery in the North American colonies originated in
Barbados.
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The colony of South Carolina prospered
by developing close economic ties with the British West Indies.
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Two major exports of the Carolinas were
rice and Indian slaves.
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Some Africans became especially valuable as slaves in the Carolinas because they
were experience in rice cultivation.
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Georgia's founders were determined to
create a haven for people imprisoned for debt.
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Georgia grew very slowly because
of it's unhealthy climate, early restrictions on black slavery, and Spanish attacks.
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By 1760, all the southern plantation colonies
based their economies on the production of staple crops for export, practiced slavery, and provided tax support for the Church of England.
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In Puritan doctrine, the "elect" were also referred to as
"visible saints."
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The Separatists and Puritans migrated from England to the New World in order to
escape religious persecution.
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The historical significance of the Pilgrims of Plymouth Bay lies in
their moral and spiritual qualities.
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Puritan doctrine included acceptance of
the idea of a covenant with God.
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With the franchise (vote) in Massachusetts extended to all adult males who belong to Puritan congregations, the proportion of qualified voters in this colonay as compated to England was
larger.
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In Massachusettes, clergymen
were barred from holding formal political office.
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Among Puritans, it was understood that
the purpose of government was to enforce God's laws.
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Unlike other English voyagers to the New World, the Puritans
transplanted entire communities.
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As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams
established complete religious freedom for all.
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Settlers of the Connecticut River colony developed a document known as the Fundamental
established a regime democratically controlled by "substantial" citizens.
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The Dutch colony of New Netherland (later New York) was noted for
its lack of enthusiasm for democratic practices.
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New York and Pennsylvania were similar in that they both
had ethnically mixed populations.
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The New England Confederation regarded Dutch New Netherland as
an enemy to be wiped out.
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When the English gained control over New Netherland,
the autocratic spirit survived.
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One of the traits that made Quakers unpopular in England was
their refusal to do military service.
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All the middle colonies were
notable for the fertile soil.
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Economically, the colony of Pennsylvania
became profitable very quickly.
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The Middle Colonies were notable for their
good river transportation.
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By the mid-eighteenth century, the thirteen colonies were similar in that they all
reflected English customs and laws.
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The population of the Chesapeake colonies throughout the first half of the 17th century was notable for its
scarcity of women.
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The "headright" system, which made some people very wealthy, involved
giving the right to acquire fifty acres of land to the person who pais the passage of a laborer to America.
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Seventeenth century colonial tobacco growers usually responded to depressed prices for their crop by
selling slaves to reduce productive labor.
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Most immigrants to the Chesapeake colonies in the 17th century came as
indentured servants.
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By the end of the 17th century, indentured servants who gained their freedom
had little choice but to hire themselves out for low wages to their former masters.
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Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by
young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land.
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The majority of African slaves coming to the New World
were delivered to South America and the West Indies.
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After 1680, reliance on slave labor in colonial America rapidly increased because
higher wages in England reduced the number of emigrating servants, planters feared the growing number of landless freemen in the colonies, the British Royal African company lost its monopoly on slave trade in colonial America.
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The physical and social conditions of slavery were harshest in
South Carolina.
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While slavery might have begun in America for economic reasons,
racial discrimination also powerfully molded the American slave system.
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Urban development in the colonial South
was slow to emerge.
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It wasw typical of colonial New England adults to
marry early and have several children.
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Southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property because
southern men frequently died young.
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Puritans refused to recognize a woman's separate property rights because
they were worried that such rights would undercut the unity of married couples.
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The Puritan system of congretional church government logically led to
democracy in political government.
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Thomas Jefferson once observed that "the best school of political libert the world ever saw" was the
New England town meeting.
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The Salem "witch hunt" in 1692 was opposed by
the more responsible members of the clergy.
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The Salem withcraft trials were the result of
unsettled social and religious conditions in rapidly evolving Massachuesetts.
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During the Salem witchcraft trials, most of those accused were
from the ranks of poor families.
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