Exam #1 Lecture Notes

What is the emphasis in 17th century?

What is the 18th century emphasis?

What was the prevailing style from the end of the 16th century and into the Rococo period?

What was the most influential church plan order during the counter reformation?

This church plan was a revolt against mannerism and the reformation.

The approach to this baroque church plan would be the universerally adopted 
plan beyond the 17th century. After it there will mainly be only architectural variations of this theme.

The first definite steps in early Baroque architect were taken by this person.

This church is the first true Baroque facade in Rome.

The break with Mannerism was fast in sculpture.

T or F
True False

This artist was the greatest living sculptor of his time. He was the undisputed king of Baroque.

Bernini was the source of development for this style.

No sculptor until the early 20th century escaped this artist's influence.

More than any other artist he mobilized Baroque in a new and influential manner.

In this sculpture Bernini transforms the traditional sculpture by twisting the body.

This artist gives us a David with physical and psychological elements that was unprecedented,not there before.

This work remained influential in the 18th-19th century even after Bernini fell out of favor.

Maderno sculpted eveything with awareness of texture more than any other sculpture he makes you forget his work is made of marble.
T or F
True False

This sculptor helped Bernini with Apollo and Daphne.

This work was the greatest masterpiece of Bernini's life.

Who was the first to combine painting, sculpture, and architecture in one work ?

Bernini is the tour de force in technique.

T or F
True False

No sculptor before _______  had attempted to incorporate light in a sculpture.

This sculpture by Bernini incorporates light.

This earlier work by Bernini revitalizes portraiture.

This artist was the most saught after portrait artist.

The "Portrait of Cardinal Scipione Borghese" is one of most remarkable portrait bust of all time.

T or F
 
True False

What is the title of the only personal portrait bust Bernini sculpted?

One of the most ourstanding portraits of any age is this bust by Bernini, next to "Portrait of Costanza Buonarelli."

This work is Bernini's most shocking tomb.

"Baldochino" is pure Mannerist.

T or F
True False

This work by Bernini introduced new ideas. It had no precedant and is hard to classify; architecture or sculpture?

The design of St. Peter's was finished by Michelangelo.

T or F
True False

This fountain by Bernini is the most spectacular of its day. It has tremendous influence in future fountain designs.

Bernini incorporates the very spirit of the Baroque style in this fountain.

This work by Bernini was a symbol of welcome from the church.

In his architecture he remains relatively conservative. He planned big plans in architecture but he uses classical/tradtition orders.

Bernini was expiremental in his architecture and traditional in his sculpture.

T or F
True False

This was Bernini's largest work.

S.Maderno creates space that reaches and extends. It encloses and relates to the environment.

T or F
True False

This palazzo by Bernini is the most influential design.

Habacook & the Angel is one of Bernini's earlier works.

T or F
True False

Benedetto Croce, art historian and  philosopher . Bernini critic

T or F
True False

He recognized the value of sculpture but his finished work shows little evidence of that in his own work

St. Sebastian by Bernini is inspired by Michelangelo's David.

T or F
True False

Bernini's finest works are in Turin.

T or F
True False

This artist falls out of favor with the church during the reign of Innocent X (also, in later neoclassical criticism of the Baroque). But regained pre-eminence and continued to be held in high regard by Clement IX.

Art historian , Ruskin , said that Bernini's sculpture is morally corrupt.

T or F
True False

French Baroque is more restrained, a balanced order.

T or F
True False

Bernini has a stronger impact in Eastern Europe.

T or F
True False

S. Maderno is best known for this work. It is the preeminent sculpture of what period?

This artist is much more classical. His work is less emotional than Bernini and directly inspired by antiquity.

A. Algardi is from Rome.

T or F
True False

His intense classicism would influence French Baraoque. He became a great friend of Nicolas Pussan.

This artist was influenced by Florentine style. He was marginalized by Bernini.

This artist offers us a counter-current to Bernini in Baroque Rome.

Bernini was empolyed by Carl Maderno.

T or F
True False

This artist could never divorce sculpture form a narrative.

This artist develops own personal idiom. He never hesitated to disobey traditional rules of architecture.

Bernini and Borromini both worked obsessively on their work.

T or F
True False

Borromini had  an unorthodox/unconventional architectural style.

T or F
True False

This artist was interested in multiplicity of curves.

Bernini is constanly coming up with new ideas.

T or F
True False

This work is the first building that is entirely Borrominis.

Baroque is all about straight lines.

 T or F
True False

This work is F.Borromini's  masterpeice! Here his style reaches its zenith.

The push in and push out and concave facades are characteristic of this artist's style and also the baroque. He sets a pattern for architecture that many cannot emulated.

This artist designed the courtyard for Sant'Ivodella Sapienza.

This work is perhaps Pietro Da Cortona's architectural masterpiece.

This artist creates lavish ensambles. You can see Barrominis influence in the push and pull.

This work by P.Cortona  introduces convex curvature. It gives snese of monumetality.

Many of his designs were not built but hold a specific and importrant place in Baroque architecture.

 He was the heir to Borrominis style and just as unconventional.

Unlike Barromini , who loved improving ,This artist is calculated and non expiremental. He intellectualizes his plans.

Bernini applies Barominis undulating façade. He creates a new architect style. He is the first to apply to undulation principal to a Pallazzo Façade.

T or F
True False

This work by G.Guarini is the finest palazzo of the late 17th century.   

Most amazing acheivements were his domes.

What were Guarini's most amazing acheivements?

Who devised new solutions for the construction of domes? A plan that derived from Islamic sources but new to Italy – one of most original inventions of this period.

The three great Genii of the  Baroque Architecture style.

This academy was the most significant institution of its kind.

Cathedra Petri show us _____'s ability to pull together many materials into one work.

This Palazzo by Bernini was the most influential palazzo design throughout the 17th century.

Bernini recognized the value of classical sculpture and it shows throughout his work.

T or F
True False

Bernini (and the Baroque in general) was interested in colossal spaces and and the very small.

T or F
True False

This is Longhena's masterpiece

This artist had no influence in Venice , Italy in his dau. He would have influence in th 18th Century.

This artist is the only vetian architect that comes close to Bernini

We see central plans in Italy but not in Venice. The only exception to this is  _________________ by Longhena.

This work may not look Baroque but is see in it's- fusion and multiplicity of its shapes – unique to Venice.   

His reform of painting didn’t develop a uniform style – not everyoine was doing the same as him . He was based in Urbino.

All three Caracci's are from this city.

The______________ was the most significant institution of its time.

He is most important out of the Caraccis. At end of mannerism  revived a new form of renaissance.

__________  aimed at synthesis of Renaissance vigor. He created synthesis through emulation of renaissance artists- a method of idealzing nature – in 1580s.

First major undertaking of Baroque painting in Rome – no one can escape its influence.

A type of illusionism in painting, achieved by means of sharp foreshortening, in which the figures and architecture seem to be high above and receding from the spectator.

Ceiling-painting without foreshortening illusionistic  effects, designed as though it is to be seen at normal eye-level.

Annibale Caraci uses this plan for orgaznizing the Palazzo Farnese Ceiling Fresco.

The masterpiece of the Caracci's movement.

 It is best example of Baroque fresco painting ! Influential revisions

Proved definitve of central ceiling compositions – important for Baroque paintings.

This frescoe stablished alter painting influence until 19th century

Interested in landscape painting for its own sake. Lays down law that would become classical or ideal approach to landscape.

Established the quite classical  Baroque Bolognese style  in both Venice and Florence.

Who was Guido Reni's greatest rival?

Regarded as of greatest of all eupoean artists then.

He was a pupil of Lodovico Caracci.

His range of motion and gesture made his paintings successful.

This artist demonstrated his knowledge of the classicaly inspired figure, escpecially in Bacchus and Ariadne.

This painting is an example of Guido Reni at his best – figure always conceived with classical appeal in mind.

The final bolognes painter of early Baroque.

His output was small; he produced work in 20 years but influential. He was self – taught. Most important of 17th Italian artist of the Baroque period.  

The artists of this style had full control of their palette- interested in full brilliance of color.

This artist is the one REAL GIANT in 17th Century Italy.

He herald the dawn of the Baroque style in painting. He revolutionizes European painting. There won''t be another painter that will escape his influence.

Revoltinzes realism not by simple realism but psychological realism. This was a new approach to painting.

He looks at whats around him, whats in reality. First artist to shock conventional people – representing religious scenes by way of everyday imagery.

Bellori - important crtic of his day- sais _________ deserves great parise  who imitates nature as opposed to great painters.

This artist paints a la prima – painterly approach. Most abiding contribution is his tenebrism/chiaroscuro.

His new contrast to light shocked then later fascinated  his contemporaries .

These group is interested in lights and darks .

Caravaggio's use of classical elements was a major factor in creation of painters like Velasquez and Rembrandt.

T or F
True False

 What is the major factor in creation of painters like Velasquez and Rembrandt ?

In this painting, Caravag demonstrates the greal realism in his work. He like to keep the meaning ambiguous.

Caravaggio's first obviously classical work. He was looking at and being inspired by antiquity but didn’t  paint in a classical manner.

Pentimenti ?

This artist's forms always remain solid in his work- barely visible brushstrokes.

Baroque work is full of rape , murder, and abduction scenes.

T or F
True False

Caravaggio was among first interested in still life.

T or F
True False

This painting by Caravaggio was the first Italian painting that might be considered a deliberate still life.

Boy with Basket of Fruit by Caravaggio is the only independent still life that we know is his.

T or F

In Caravaggio's paintings we see an evolution of what ? This subject matter will become very popular through Europe.

This painting is one of Caravaggio's  finest and most appealing genre scenes, even though it seems choreagraphed.

Bernini's painting have sexual undertones.

T or F

This artist was the greatest opponent of the classical Bolognese school. He's not focused on idea form; Bacchus is an exception.

1. _________ = Most classicalof  Bolgnese

2. _________ = Opposite

This painting by Carvaggio is  his greatest tragic masterpiece.

Martyrdom of S. Peter is one of the most moving creations of the 17th Century.

T or F

Entombment of Christ by Caravaggio is as compact and monumental as a piece of sculpture.

T or F
True False

The cross in this painting is elevated with feet above head - allows Peter to look out of picture . Emphasis on Peter's faith

____________ as first great liberating force – unidealizing rendering appealed to many younger artist .

The least successful  of all Caravaggio's paintings. Twas his first public commission. There's less untiy of action gesture and place.

Landscape paintings in this style draw their inspiration from classical antiquity and  ancient literary themes, and present nature as harmonious, serene, and majestic.

Landscape paintings in this style turned to nature for inspiration - abandoning completely the historical scenes, religious subjects, and to a large extent portraiture.

This artist mixed Bolognese elements with Caravaggio's style.

After Annibale Caracci , this artist is the most  representative of Bolognese School.

This artist is interested in landsape. He also  had influence on Nicholas Poussin.

He was important development of the Baroque painting style in Rome and Naples.

Where is Orazio Gentileschi from?

This painting by Artemesia shows the pyschicality of painting.

This painting by Titian signals new attitude towards nature and art.

At the end of the 16th Century,  what were the two distinct trends in landscape painting had crystalized?

This artist is  looking bak to Titian , in his landscapes there are no narratives. They are organized among classical lines.  

In both of these landscape paintings the landscape is more import than figure

This artist dominated the course of landscape for the same 200 hundred years- just as Caravaggio dominated realism.

Patinir dominates classical, ideal landscape.

T or F
True False

This artists paintings look like  real landscapes. The paintings was constructed in his studio with drawings - not plean air. His landscapes become the accepted pictoral representation of nature.

Unlike A. Carracci , this artist uses a high viewpoint in his landscapes.

The Bolognese used the figures in background. But A. Carracci moves them forward.

T or F
True False

Landscape comes fully into its own in the 18th Century.

T or F
True False

This artist was born in Naples – went to rome.
He is Proto-Romantic.

What makes Salvator Rosa the antithesis of Annibale Carracci ?

A. Carracci's landscapes have jagged edges ; S. Rosa's have smooth contours.

T or F
True False

Who was the most successful of Italian landscape painters? This artist also wrote poems and satires.

Define quadratura. Name one example.

This artist was the master of illusionistic ceiling painting.

Pietro da Cortona and Bernini dominated art in Rome in the second quarter of 17th  C.

T or F
True False

 This artist's most significant architectural work is Maria Della Pace.

Pietro da Cortona differentiates frescoes with this work. It is the most brilliant, illusionistic, grandest and most complete statement aesthetic of the Baroque style in painting.

The Glorification of theReign of Urban VIII marks the climax of this artist's career.

This artist's color source is from the Venetians. He is an Italian version of Peter Paul Rubens ; he shared Ruben's joy of life.

This frescoe by Pietro da Cortona is the best frescoe painting in Italy, in the beginning of the 17th C. It takes frescoe painting to its climax.

The late Baroque found its greatest representative in this spontaneous speed painter. He was the leading decorative painter in Italy of his day.

This artist was capable of painting in so many different styles - never copying but borrowing imagery.

Guarini was the perfect example of rococo though most of works belong to 17 C.

T or F
True False

 He sets stage for great 18th C painters.  He becomes first of great Italain artist to work in Spain. He had a great impact on Spanish painting. He is the prototype of the itinerant artist.

There is no wooden sculpture in Italy.

T or F 
True False

This painting by Ribera is most popular and best known work.

Most important Spanish painting in the early 17th Century.

Zuberan was greatly appreciated in Spain even though he worked  in Venice.

T or F
True False

Frankness and brutality is Spains greatest contribution to Eurpoean art.

T or F
True False

Ribera represents most important link between Spain and Italy.

T or F
True False

This painting by Ribera was his most famous celebrated work. We see sympathtic side of spain in this painting.

With El Greco we see the mystical side of Spanish art but not with Ribera ; he is about realism.

T or F
True False

This Spanish painter is psychological just like caravaggio. He has elements of magic and mystery in his art.

What are the two classifications of Spanish still life painting?

This Spanish artists was the earliest to be interested in still life.

His work is most cosmopolitan and most accessible of  the Spanish artists, had vast influence on followers.

This painting by B. Murillo is represenataive of religious Spanish Baroque painting.

Diego Velazquez is the 3rd great master of the age – Supreme native master of painting in Spain.

T or F
True False

This artist didn’t adopt characteristic Baroque rhetoric of allegorical figures (i.e. billowing curtains and clouds).

Goal of 17th C. realism: Used realism to capture this world.

Goal of 19th C. realism: Bound up with a metapsychical view of the world, metapsychical use of realism

T or F
True False

This painting by Velasquez is the first mythological painting in Spanish Baroque.

Giordano is the tower figure of Spanish Baroque.

T or F
True False

In this painting by Velasquez there is no political or religious significance ; it has sympathy for ordinary people.

His pyschological power of observation makes him the greatest Spanish painter of the century. He is considered the father of Modern painting.

This work by Velasquez is the first proactive female nude.

Velasquez is influential on avante-garde painting in the 19th C.

T or F
True False