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History of the English Language Part 1
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What does it mean for two languages to be related?
They are descended from a common linguistic ancestor
they share common basic traist such as lexicon, morphology, syntax, and are mutually understandable to some degree.
similar words for siilar meanings
Types of evidence that languages are related
grammatical structure (syntax or word order)
core vocabulary
What type of language is English?
A Germainic language (even though there are many French loanwords)
List the stages of the English language (include the dates)
Old English
: 450-1100
Middle English
: 1100-1500
Early Modern English
: 1500-1800
Present Day English
: 1800- present
core vocabulary
necessary vocabulary of a language that applies to the basic needs of life
borrowed words
word taken from another language.
Same as a loanword
ex. crawl is from Old Norse
phonetics
study of the speech of sounds
phonology
system of speech of sounds (pronounciation)
phonotactics
branch of phonolgy that deals with the restrictions of possible phoneme combinations
morphology
study of a combination of stems and affixes to form words
morpheme
smallest meaningful unit of a language
root
a word or element from which other words are formed
affix
a bound form such as a prefix or suffix added to a base stem or root
compound word
a word made up of two words
ex. cupcake
content morpheme (lexical)
morphemes that carry meaning
ex. cat
function morpheme (grammatical)
morphemes with less meaning
primary purpose is to serve grammatical functions
ex. "the"
inflectional affixes
doesn't change the meaning or part of speech of root
ex. I walk. He walked.
derivational affixes
change meaning or part of speech of root
ex. reform, reformer
lexicon
vocabulary of a language
linking sounds and meanings
syntax
sentence structure of a language
semantics
meaning of linguistic structures
graphics
In linguistics, the study of writing systems
Author
fluffy8voldy
ID
16687
Card Set
History of the English Language Part 1
Description
introduction and basic concepts
Updated
2010-04-28T22:56:46Z
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