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Which will set up central log system error message?
Syslog server
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Which protocol allows access the device over the internet?
SSH
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Which requires SNMP RW access?
Shutdown serial interface of a router
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Meaning of ACL fa0/0 connected to Net A of the router:
a-l 20 permit 10.32.41.0 0.0.0.255
a-l 20 deny any
int fa0/0
ip access-group 20 in
all packets from source 10.32.41.100 in Net A will be forwarded.
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Meaning: aaa authen login linevty group tacacs+ none
if server failed, there is no means of access authentication
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Which wildcard tests using 16-bit (/16) subnet mask?
0.0.255.255
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R1# clock is synced, stratum 5, ref is 192.168.96.5.
What is stratum of ref IP?
4
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What is network node role?
perform traffic classification
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Where is DSCP located in a protocol?
IP Header
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Which uses guaranted min BW?
Class-based weighted fair queueing (CBWFQ)
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Which drops packets before buffer is full?
Active queue (WRED)
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ISO's five functional areas of NM
Security Management
Performance Management
Configuration Management
Accounting Management
Fault Management
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Alarms and Audit trails for access to network
Part of security management
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What defines the general framework of MIB?
SMI (Structure of Management Information)
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A command to enable SNMP for monitor/control.
snmp-server community secret rw
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Vendor-specific object id in SNMP is located in tree
Private tree structure
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Two main softwarre of NMS
Platform and Applications
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Good practice of IP address assignment
Use static for router, network printer and server. Dynamic for else
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Which controls the running configuration of all devices?
Configuration version control.
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What is PQ?
Packets in higher queue are aleays served first. No chance for lower queue if packets are in high queue waiting.
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Scheduling Process?
Determine the order that packets are forwarded.
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What is the method of unconditional drops when the queue is full?
Tail drop in best effort.
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A machine running NTP chooses its time with..
Low stratum number
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Syslog descriptions
Send event notification messages, for TCP/IP network transmit without receiver side configurations.
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Configuration Management (CM) is important because...
Tracks changes in the network.
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RADIUS & TACACS+..
Radius for combined AA and Tacacs+ for separate AA
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Avaliability 99.99% then downtime in hours
0.876 hrs
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RMON1 statistics are based..
Data Link Layer
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In RMON, agents communicate to central station with..
SNMP
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Which delay is the function of distance and media but not of the bandwidth?
Propagation delay.
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Which delay is the time the packet waits in a buffer for its turn to be transmitted?
Queuing delay
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___ is the time it takes for a device to clock a packet at the given output rate
Serialization delay
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Serialization delay by 1500 bytes in 512 kbps link
23.4 msec
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Packet Jitters
Variation in packet delay
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IP network by default
Best effort service with tail drop
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Which is best for VoIP?
LLQ
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Recommend DSCP value for AF43?
38
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What is Accounting Management (AM)?
Gathering network utilization data, setting quotas for billing.
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What patterns are observed when a problem occurs for network utilization?
Over & under utilization and sudden change in utilization.
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Packet jitter refers to?
Variation in packet delay
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State two objectives of NMP
Defines common data types and parameters
Easy retrieval information
Change capabilities and security features
Management works done remotely
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List steps to choose a NMS in order
Inventory
Prioritize
Functional area setting
Survey applications
Choose NMP
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Describe two different scenarios where events log
When system did not receive a response from a device polled.
System received an asynchronous message from a device.
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What are advantages and disadvantages of Centralized Architecture?
Simple easy setup, single location for all information and network management application.
Single point of failure, high management traffic in central.
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Identify key components of SNMP
SNMP manager
SNMP agents with MIB
SNMP messenger
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What is QoS?
Ability to provide improved service to select a network traffic over various technologies
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What is Integrated Services (IS)?
An application requests for a specific kind of service from the network before it sends the data.
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What is Differentialed Services (DS)?
Enable scalable service discrimination in the Internet without the need for per-flow state and signalling at every hop.
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In DS codepoint AF31, what does '3' mean?
Class selector
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What is marking?
Setting the DS code point in a packet based on defined rules.
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What is the goal of SM?
To control access to network resources according security policy.
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State 2 best practices to control and monitor or access to network.
Restrict access to authorized users.
Change password on a router.
Software revision is in compliance with security requirements.
Review changes of possible impact on the overall security of the network.
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Describe Utilization, Accuracy, Avaliability, Response Time.
Utilization is to measure the use of a particular resource over time.
Accuracy is the measure of interface traffic that does not result in error and can be expressed in terms of a percentage that compares the success rate to total packet rate over a period of time.
Availability is the percentage of time for which a network system is available to a user.
Response time is the total time required for traffic to travel between 2 points.
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State limitation of using ICMP to measure Avaliability and Response Time.
Only measure avaliability of network but NOT the avaliability of the applications running in the network.
It does NOT accurately reflect the user's perception of response time.
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Preferred method of monitoring tavaliability over 24*7 period.
Use active measurement which involves simulating transaction designated machine at defined interval.
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What is capacity planning?
To determine the likely future network response requirements.
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In DS, how a packet marked?
Use IP precedence or DSCP code in the part of TOS of IP header to mark a IP packet. Total 64 classes total defined.
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What is classification?
Identify packets to be a certain class based on one or more field packets.
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Shaping/Policing
Process of delaying packets within a traffic stream or discarding packets within a traffic stream to cause it to conform to a predefined traffic policy
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What is Expedited Forwarding (EF), Assured Forwarding (AF) and Class-Selector (CS)?
EF provides a low loss, low latency, low jitter, assured bandwidth, end-to-end service.
AF provides four classes, each with three drop precedence levels.
CS preserve backward compatibility with any precedence scheme currently in use on the network.
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What is banner?
To warn off unauthorised access.
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What is interface descriptor?
To help admin to tell more info, understand the scope of problems during troubleshooting.
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Describe Jitter and packet loss:
Jitter: delay due to buffering problems
Packet loss: lost during transmission in a network
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What is tail drop?
Drop packets when the queue is fill
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What is active queue?
Drop packets before the queue is full in advance.
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