mo100

chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands and have specialized functions in regulating the activities of specific cells, organs, or both

any one of a large number of hormone like substances secreted by endocrine glands or artificially produced as medications to relieve swelling and inflammation in conditions such as asthma

chemically related to the male sex hormone testosterone; have been used to increase strength and muscle mass.

a hormone secreted by adipocytes

secreted by specialized cells of the brain

secretes hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands; acts in response to stimuli fromthe hypothalamus

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in the ovaries of the female

somato-tropic hormone; regulates the growth of bone, muscle and other body tissues

stimulates ovulation in the female; stimulates secretion of testosterone in the male

prolactin; stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth

stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone;  in the male, stimulates the secretion of testosterone

increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, causing darkening of the pigmentation of the skin

stimulates the growth and secretions of the thyroid gland

maintains the water balance within the body by promoting the reabsorption of water through the kidneys

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth; stimulates the flow of milk from the mammary glands

a synthetic form of ocytocin that is administered to induce or speed up labor

abnormal enlargement of the extremities(hands and feet) that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty

abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty

pathology resulting in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

a condition of reduced secretion due to the partial, or complete, loss of the function of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

any disorder of the pituitary function

pituitary tumor; a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland; two types: functioning often produce hormones in large and unregulated amounts; nonfunctioning do not produce significant amounts of hormones

a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin; causes infertility an changes in menstruation; in males, it causes impotence

caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone

a synthetic version of the growth hormone that is administered to stimulate growth when the natural supply of growth hormone is insufficient for normal development

very small endocrine gland that is located in the central portion of the brain; influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle

hormone that influences the sleep and wakefulness portions of the circadian cycle

refers to the biological functions that occur within a 24-hour period

a tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin; can also cause insomnia by disrupting the circadian cycle

a butterfly-shaped gland that lies on either side of the larynx, just below the thyroid cartilage; regulates the body's metabolism

influences the rate of metabolism

secreted by cells of the thyroid gland and works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues; decreases calcium in blood levels

chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis; an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

a congenital form of hypothyroidism; can cause arrested physical and mental development

adult hypothyroidism; caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion; symptoms include swelling, particularly around eyes and cheeks, fatigue and a subnormal temperature

thyrotoxicosis; an imbalance of metabolism caused by overproduction of thyroid hormones

thyrotoxic crisis; a relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism; can cause fever, chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, tremors, increased sweating,disorientation and fatigue

an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism, characterized by goiter and or exophthalmos

thyromegaly; an abnormal nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland; produces a swelling in front of the neck. 

an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

a diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid stimulating hormone. Used to detect abnormal thyroid activity from excessive pituitary stimulation

a form of nuclear medicine used to measure thyroid function

medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

radioactive iodine therapy; the administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.  Used to treat chronic hyperthyroid disorders such as Graves' disease

regulate calcium levels throughout the body

works with the hormone calcitonin to regulate the calcium levels in blood and tissues; increases calcium levels

complication of hyperparathyroidism in which the bone becomes softened and deformed, and may develop cysts

condition of periodic, painful muscle spasms and tremors.

located near the midlinein the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity; secretes a hormone that functions as part of the immune system

stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system

a feather shaped organ located posterior to the stomach that functions as part of both the digestive and endocrine systems

those parts of the pancreas that have endocrine functions; control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism throughout the body

the form in which the liver stores the excess glucose

hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low blood sugar levels; increases the glucose level by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose for release into the bloodstream

hormone secreted b the beta cells of the pancreatic islet in response to high blood sugar levels

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells. Symptoms include polydipsia, polyphagia,polyuria, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue and slow healing

an insulin resistance disorder; insulin is produced, but the body doesn't use it effectively, so the body secretes more insulin.

medication that works within the cells to combat insulin resistance and to help insulin let blood sugar into the cells

measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks; can detect changes more rapidly than the HbA1c test

a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 3-4 months

caused by very low blood sugar

caused by very high blood sugar

occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, can cause loss of vision

suprarenals; controls electrolyte levels within the body; interacts with the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress

mineral substances that are normally found in the blood

steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys

hormones that influence sex-related characteristics

hydrocortisone; has an anti-inflammatory action, regulates the matabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins

adrenaline; stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or other stimuli.  Makes the heart beat faster and can raise blood pressure

both a hormone and a neurohormone; plays an important role in the "fight or flight response" by raising blood pressure, strengthening the heartbeat and stimulating muscle contractions

occurs when the adreanal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.  Characterized by chronic, worsening fatigue and muscle weakness, loss of appetite and weight loss

abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone

disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone

benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine

hypercortisolism; caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol.  Symptoms include a rounded or "moon face"

synthetic hormone used as a vasoconstrictor to treat heart conditions 

any hormone that stimulates the gonads

during pregnancy the placenta secretes this hormone to stimulate the corpus luteum to continue producing the hormones required to maintain the pregnancy

conditionof excessive mammary development in the male